Fabrication and Performance of All-Solid-State Chloride Sensors in Synthetic Concrete Pore Solutions

Abstract

Abstract:One type of all-solid-state chloride sensor was fabricated using a MnO 2 electrode and a Ag/AgCl electrode. The potentiometric response of the sensor to chloride in synthetic concrete pore solutions was systematically studied, and the polarization performance was also evaluated. The results show a good linear relationship between the potential reading of the sensor and the logarithm of chloride activity (concentration ranges from 0.05 to 5.0 M), and the potential value remains stable with increasing immersion time. ions have little influence on the potentiometric response of the sensor to chloride, but the pH has a significant influence on the potential value of the sensor at low chloride concentration. The potential reading of the sensor increases linearly with the solution temperature over the range from 5 to 45 C. Meanwhile, an excellent polarization behavior is proven by galvanostatic and potentiodynamic tests. All of the results reveal that the developed sensor has a great potential for monitoring chloride ions in concrete environments.

Fabrication and evaluation of a highly durable and reliable chloride monitoring sensor for civil infrastructure

“…5 shows the calibration of the Fb-Ag/AgCl and PPy-Ag/ AgCl electrodes under alkaline environment in synthetic concrete pore solution contaminated with chloride ions ranging from 0.001 mole per L to 1.0 mole per L. From the gure, it was found that Fb-Ag/AgCl electrode potential shows a uniform variation in the higher chloride concentration region (0.01 mole per L to 1.0 mole per L), forming a linear curve t. At the same time, in the low concentration region (0.001 to 0.01 mole per L) Fb-Ag/AgCl electrode potential was slightly variable from the linear curve, which may be due to the interference of OH À ions, 17 and this deviation could be attributed to the formation of AgOH. 15 On the other hand, the PPy-Ag/AgCl electrode showed a uniform variation in potential at all the chloride ion concentrations.…”

“…16 Ag/AgCl electrodes have become well established over the last decade and have been employed for analytical applications. 17 Gurusami et al reported the use of Ag/AgCl sensors embedded in concrete as reference electrodes and good long-term results were collected over a period of about 4.5 years. 16 The rst attempt in concrete was made in the 1990s.…”

Autonomous Corrosion Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Structures: Feasibility Study

“…Moreover, the stability of the Cl − sensors to pH changes and other major interfering ions (which come from the environment and/or the concrete ingredients) should be assured. There are studies that have evaluated the performance of potentiometric ISEs in monitoring Cl − concentration in concrete [32,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48].…”

“…Based on the findings, the authors claimed that the sensor has excellent chloride sensing ability and well stable in an alkaline medium, and thus it is suitable to monitor Cl − concentration in concrete structure. Gao et al [46] produce all-solid-state Cl − sensor employing MnO 2 and Ag/AgCl electrodes. The potentiometric response and stability of the sensor was examined in synthetic concrete pore solutions with diverse NaCl concentrations ranging from 0.05-5.0 M. The performance of the sensor with the existence of interfering ions of K + , Ca 2+ , Na + , and SO 4 2− was tested.…”

Low-Cost Potentiometric Sensor for Chloride Measurement in Continuous Industrial Process Control

“…Besides that, the capital related to consumables, service, and labour required by the commercial manufacture is another relevant factor in the design of a commercial ISE [ 21 ]. The literature reports a great variety of chloride ion selective sensors, with different detection principles [ 22 ]. ISEs based on polymeric membranes are of particular interest, since they present potential applications for clinical, environmental, and industrial purposes [ 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”