Fabrication of Biocompatible Composites of Poly(lactic acid)/Hydroxyapatite Envisioning Medical Applications

Backes, Eduardo Henrique; Pires, Laís de N.; Beatrice, César Augusto Gonçalves; Costa, Lidiane Cristina; Passador, Fábio Roberto; Pessan, Luiz Antônio

doi:10.1002/pen.25322

Cited by 61 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…OSTEOTRANS MX range). Other composites have also been created using different percentages of HA (surface modified and with different ionic composition) in PLLA matrices, all reporting enhanced cell growth and proliferation (Akindoyo et al, 2019;Backes et al, 2020). The incorporation of MBGs in thermoplastic matrices is not as common as for HA, but studies involving their mixing with PCL (Yun et al, 2011) and Poly(3-hydroxybutyrateco-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) (Zhao et al, 2014) report successful cell growth and proliferation.…”

Section: The Extrusion Process and Final Properties Of The Hybrid Filmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing of Sr2+ Containing Poly L-Lactic Acid-Based Hybrid Composites for Additive Manufacturing of Bone Scaffolds

et al. 2020

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Biodegradable composite materials represent one of the major areas of investigation for bone tissue engineering due to their tuneable compositional and mechanical properties, which can potentially mimic those of bone and potentially avoid the removal of implants, mitigating the risks for the patient and reducing the overall clinical costs. In addition, the introduction of additive manufacturing technologies enables a strict control over the final morphological features of the scaffolds. In this scenario, the optimisation of 3D printable resorbable composites, made of biocompatible polymers and osteoinductive inorganic phases, offers the potential to produce a chemically and structurally biomimetic implant, which will resorb over time. The present work focuses on the development and process optimisation of two hybrid composite filaments, to be used as feedstock for the fused filament fabrication 3D printing process. A Poly L-lactic acid matrix was blended with either rod-like nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) or nanoparticles of mesoporous bioactive glasses, both partially substituted with strontium (Sr2+), due to the well-known pro-osteogenic effect of this ion. Both inorganic phases were incorporated into Poly L-lactic acid using an innovative combination of processes, obtaining a homogeneous distribution throughout the polymer whilst preserving their ability to release Sr2+. The filament mechanical properties were not hindered after the incorporation of the inorganic phases, resulting in tensile strengths and moduli within the range of cancellous bone, 50 ± 10 MPa and 3 ± 1 GPa. Finally, the rheological characterization of the hybrid composites indicated a shear thinning behaviour, ideal for the processing with fused filament fabrication, proving the potential of these materials to be processed into 3D structures aiming bone regeneration.

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Section: The Extrusion Process and Final Properties Of The Hybrid Filmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing of Sr2+ Containing Poly L-Lactic Acid-Based Hybrid Composites for Additive Manufacturing of Bone Scaffolds

et al. 2020

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“…Organic materials, largely polymers are now preferred for such applications due to a wide classification of chemical compositions, characteristics, feasibility, and biocompatibility [5][6][7]. While polymers are typically used for grafts, catheters, tendons, and softer tissue restoration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental design of Al ₂ O ₃ /MWCNT/HDPE hybrid nanocomposites for hip joint replacement

et al. 2020

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Fracture in the hip joint is a major and quite common health issue, particularly for the elderly. The loads exploited by the lower limbs are very acute and severe; in the femur, they can be several folds higher than the whole weight of the body. Nanotechnology and nanocomposites offer great potential in biomedical applications. The organic materials are more biocompatible. Mechanical properties like strength and hardness are challenging parameters which control the selection of a joint. HDPE in its pure form has been successfully used as a prosthetic foot (external) but failed as an implant material due to limited mechanical properties. High-density polyethylene thermoplastic polymer (HDPE) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)/Nano-Alumina is selected as a potential material for a biomedical implant and its mechanical properties and biocompatibility have been discussed. HDPE/MWCNT/Alumina (Al 2 O 3) nanocomposites have not been explored yet for prosthetic implants. These nanocomposites were prepared in this investigation in different compositions. Prepared material has been physiochemically characterized to check the morphology and the structure. MWCNTs enhanced hardness and elastic modulus of the HDPE. Optimization of the material composition revealed that hybrid composite with structure (2.4% Al 2 O 3 and 0.6% MWCNT) exhibits better mechanical properties compared to other ratios with 3% MWCNTs and 5% MWCNTs. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) dedicates that the percentage of crystallization has been increased to 6% after adding MWCNT to HDPE. The moisture absorption decreased to 90% with 5% MWCNT. Experimental results of Colorimetric assay (MTT) of a normal human epithelial cell line (1-BJ1) over Al 2 O 3 /MWCNT@HDPE showed <20% cytotoxic activity, proving its acceptance for medical use. HDPE/MWCNT/Al 2 O 3 nanocomposites emerged as a candidate material for artificial joints.

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“…It is worth mentioning that it has been well reported that the incorporation of some calcium-based bioactive fillers might lead to polymer degradation during processing. 6,[35][36][37][38] Although the processing of the materials in the torque rheometer did not mimic the extrusion conditions for filament fabrication accurately, it offered an estimation of the biocomposites under similar conditions, namely, temperature and shear rate. rates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and characterization of printable PLA/β‐TCP bioactive composites for bone tissue applications

Backes

Pires

Araújo

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this study, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and PLA/β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) biocomposites were developed by melt compounding using an internal melt mixer with three different TCP contents (5, 10, and 25 wt%). A comprehensive analysis of the thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties of these biocomposites was performed. TCP presented proper distribution in the PLA/TCP biocomposites: PLA5TCP and PLA10TCP exhibited rheological behavior similar to that of neat PLA. However, PLA25TCP presented significant agglomeration and reduction in thermal stability. Addition of TCP to the biocomposites enhanced their bioactivity and biocompatibility. The bioactivity assay was conducted by immersing the samples in SBF solution for 7 and 21 days, and the SEM and XRD surface analyses of the PLA/TCP biocomposites presented evidence of carbonated hydroxyapatite formation. The biocompatibility assay was performed using the extract method until 7 days, and PLA10TCP presented improved relative cell viability compared with the control. Finally, since the materials presented suitable thermal and rheological properties, filaments for additive manufacturing (AM) were developed, and they were used to produce screw models for boneligament fixation. The 3D printed screws exhibited excellent printability and accuracy. Therefore, the PLA/TCP biocomposites developed can be used in further biomedical applications using AM, namely, guided bone tissue engineering. K E Y W O R D S biocomposites, biomaterial, biocompatible polymers, β-tricalcium phosphate, poly(lactic acid) 1 | INTRODUCTION By definition, bone tissue engineering (BTE) seeks to replace critical defects that, under normal conditions, would not be self-repaired. 1 Moreover, the development of new procedures and materials is in the spotlight due to the possibility of healing or mitigating bone injuries arising from bone degeneration, cancer, osteoporosis, or fractures. 1-3 Thus, bioactive composites consisting of biodegradable polymers and bioactive fillers have gained attention over the past years. 4-8 Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biopolymer synthesized through natural resources. It has been widely used to fabricate medical devices, such as, stents, splints, drug release systems, and guided tissue regeneration. 9,10 Nevertheless, major medical applications are only possible

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Fabrication of Biocompatible Composites of Poly(lactic acid)/Hydroxyapatite Envisioning Medical Applications

Cited by 61 publications

References 41 publications

Processing of Sr2+ Containing Poly L-Lactic Acid-Based Hybrid Composites for Additive Manufacturing of Bone Scaffolds

Processing of Sr2+ Containing Poly L-Lactic Acid-Based Hybrid Composites for Additive Manufacturing of Bone Scaffolds

Experimental design of Al ₂ O ₃ /MWCNT/HDPE hybrid nanocomposites for hip joint replacement

Development and characterization of printable PLA/β‐TCP bioactive composites for bone tissue applications

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Fabrication of Biocompatible Composites of Poly(lactic acid)/Hydroxyapatite Envisioning Medical Applications

Cited by 61 publications

References 41 publications

Processing of Sr2+ Containing Poly L-Lactic Acid-Based Hybrid Composites for Additive Manufacturing of Bone Scaffolds

Processing of Sr2+ Containing Poly L-Lactic Acid-Based Hybrid Composites for Additive Manufacturing of Bone Scaffolds

Experimental design of Al 2 O 3 /MWCNT/HDPE hybrid nanocomposites for hip joint replacement

Development and characterization of printable PLA/β‐TCP bioactive composites for bone tissue applications

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Experimental design of Al ₂ O ₃ /MWCNT/HDPE hybrid nanocomposites for hip joint replacement