Fabrication of cellular poly-/spl isin/-caprolactone (PCL) scaffolds by precision extruding deposition process

Wang, F.; Shor, Lauren; Starly, Binil; Darling, Andrew; Güçeri, Selçuk I.; Sun, Wei

doi:10.1109/nebc.2003.1216053

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The whole structure was made four times thicker to enable its printing with a common fused deposition modelling apparatus. Control models were also designed to produce scaffolds made of struts stacked on top of each other (Figure 1b), as often done in the literature related to 3D-printed scaffolds [6,8,10,17,18]. These models were drawn with the 123D Design software (Autodesk, V1.6) in order to have similar strut diameter and similar porous fraction as with the gyroid model.…”

Section: D Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nowadays, the production of scaffolds using nozzle-based systems usually consists in stacking struts of the selected material on top of each other to reach a final 3D object [6,8,10,17,18]. Many parameters related to these struts and the resulting mesh can be varied such as strut diameter, space between them and orientation from one layer to another.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D-printed biodegradable gyroid scaffolds for tissue engineering applications

et al. 2018

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Fused deposition modeling (FDM), a low cost and easy-to-use additive manufacturing technique, was pushed to its typical resolution limit to produce poly(lactic acid) (PLA) gyroid scaffolds. A gyroid morphology was selected as scaffold structure due to its spring shape architecture, high porosity, leading to good nutrient and waste diffusion, and favorable mechanical properties, such as isotropic resistance to pressure. Printing parameters were optimized and the need of a support material to improve printing quality was evidenced. The gyroid structure was compared with the more common strut-based structure. Scaffold porosity was measured by micro-CT, and mechanical properties were determined by compressive mechanical tests. The effect of mesh geometry, printing resolution, and PLA crystallinity on resistance against compression was evaluated. Moreover, the impact of PLA scaffold geometry and crystallinity on its degradation was studied in vitro. Porosity of the gyroid structure was 71%, close to the 74% expected from the model used for printing. The compression tests showed that the gyroid scaffold has an isotropic behavior, in contrast with the typical strut-based scaffold, which exhibits an orientation-dependent deformation. Upon aging in physiological conditions, gyroid scaffolds retained their integrity during 64 weeks, while control scaffolds lost struts one after the other starting from week 33, in a way that depended on crystallinity and printing resolution. For both geometries, the remaining mass started to decrease at week 52. Based on these results, the gyroid design is proposed as a suitable mesh architecture for tissue engineering scaffolds that can be elaborated using FDM techniques, to produce low cost and personalized implants.

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Section: D Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D-printed biodegradable gyroid scaffolds for tissue engineering applications

et al. 2018

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“…The common drawback of models currently available in the literature is that their domain of validity is greatly limited, for they either neglected the partial bonding between filaments or relied heavily on the empirical determination of fitting parameters. Effort has also been invested into the formulation and processing of polymeric materials new to the FDM process (Gray et al , 1998; Zhong et al , 2001; Kalita et al , 2003; Shofner et al , 2003; Wang et al , 2003). Limited success was achieved in the production of a durable and satisfactory end product.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of processing conditions on the bonding quality of FDM polymer filaments

Sun

Rizvi

Bellehumeur

et al. 2008

Rapid Prototyping Journal

1,032

642

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the mechanisms controlling the bond formation among extruded polymer filaments in the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process. The bonding phenomenon is thermally driven and ultimately determines the integrity and mechanical properties of the resultant prototypes.Design/methodology/approachThe bond quality was assessed through measuring and analyzing changes in the mesostructure and the degree of healing achieved at the interfaces between the adjoining polymer filaments. Experimental measurements of the temperature profiles were carried out for specimens produced under different processing conditions, and the effects on mesostructures and mechanical properties were observed. Parallel to the experimental work, predictions of the degree of bonding achieved during the filament deposition process were made based on the thermal analysis of extruded polymer filaments.FindingsExperimental results showed that the fabrication strategy, the envelope temperature and variations in the convection coefficient had strong effects on the cooling temperature profile, as well as on the mesostructure and overall quality of the bond strength between filaments. The sintering phenomenon was found to have a significant effect on bond formation, but only for the very short duration when the filament's temperature was above the critical sintering temperature. Otherwise, creep deformation was found to dominate changes in the mesostructure.Originality/valueThis study provides valuable information about the effect of deposition strategies and processing conditions on the mesostructure and local mechanical properties within FDM prototypes. It also brings a better understanding of phenomena controlling the integrity of FDM products. Such knowledge is essential for manufacturing functional parts and diversifying the range of application of this process. The findings are particularly relevant to work conducted on modeling of the process and for the formulation of materials new to the FDM process.

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3D microtomographic characterization of precision fused deposited biocompatible polymer scaffolds

Darling

Sun²

Proceedings of the 25th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (IEEE Cat. No.0

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Fabrication of cellular poly-/spl isin/-caprolactone (PCL) scaffolds by precision extruding deposition process

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

3D-printed biodegradable gyroid scaffolds for tissue engineering applications

3D-printed biodegradable gyroid scaffolds for tissue engineering applications

Effect of processing conditions on the bonding quality of FDM polymer filaments

3D microtomographic characterization of precision fused deposited biocompatible polymer scaffolds

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