Fabrication Techniques for Carbon Nanotubes Based ECG Electrodes: A Review

Gandhi, Bani; Raghava, N. S.

doi:10.1080/03772063.2020.1768909

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…For instance, Liu et al (2011) studied in vitro the influence of carbon nanotube surface chemistry (carboxylic acids, amines, and alcohols) on neuron network organization, offering cells a high variety of adhesion orientation and sites. They have been particularly explored in wearable sensor applications ( Gandhi et al, 2020 ; Palumbo et al, 2022 ) and nerve constructs for tissue engineering ( Salehi et al, 2018 ; Manousiouthakis et al, 2022 ). Though resorbable, thanks to their degradation by peroxidases ( Ma et al, 2020 ), their biocompatibility is questionable ( Mishra et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Selecting Components For the Design Of Resorbable Conductive...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resorbable conductive materials for optimally interfacing medical devices with the living

Sacchi,

Sauter-Starace,

Mailley

et al. 2024

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Implantable and wearable bioelectronic systems are arising growing interest in the medical field. Linking the microelectronic (electronic conductivity) and biological (ionic conductivity) worlds, the biocompatible conductive materials at the electrode/tissue interface are key components in these systems. We herein focus more particularly on resorbable bioelectronic systems, which can safely degrade in the biological environment once they have completed their purpose, namely, stimulating or sensing biological activity in the tissues. Resorbable conductive materials are also explored in the fields of tissue engineering and 3D cell culture. After a short description of polymer-based substrates and scaffolds, and resorbable electrical conductors, we review how they can be combined to design resorbable conductive materials. Although these materials are still emerging, various medical and biomedical applications are already taking shape that can profoundly modify post-operative and wound healing follow-up. Future challenges and perspectives in the field are proposed.

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Section: Selecting Components For the Design Of Resorbable Conductive...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resorbable conductive materials for optimally interfacing medical devices with the living

Sacchi,

Sauter-Starace,

Mailley

et al. 2024

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…The proposed solutions include polymer composites, such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/titanium/gold [6], carbon nanotubes (CNT)/PDMS [7,8], and polypyrrole/CNT [9]; polysiloxane with metallic nanoparticle/nanowire composites (based on silver, platinum, or gold [5]); or textile electrodes (graphene-clad textiles [10] or an ECG-shirt [11]). Unfortunately, the dry-electrode solutions also are not flawless [7,[12][13][14][15][16]. Complex production processes and expensive materials significantly increase their costs and make them highly difficult to implement in large-scale production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogels and Carbon Nanotubes: Composite Electrode Materials for Long-Term Electrocardiography Monitoring

Kolodziej,

Iwasińska-Kowalska,

Wróblewski

et al. 2024

JFB

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This paper presents methods for developing high-performance interface electrode materials designed to enhance signal collection efficacy during long-term (over 24 h) electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring. The electrode materials are fabricated by integrating commercial ECG liquid hydrogels with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which are widely utilized in dry-electrode technologies and extensively discussed in the current scientific literature. The composite materials are either prepared by dispersing CNTs within the commercial liquid hydrogel matrix or by encasing the hydrogels in macroscopic CNT films. Both approaches ensure the optimal wetting of the epidermis via the hydrogels, while the CNTs reduce material impedance and stabilize the drying process. The resulting electrode materials maintain their softness, allowing for micro-conformal skin attachment, and are biocompatible. Empirical testing confirms that the ECG electrodes employing these hybrid hydrogels adhere to relevant standards for durations exceeding 24 h. These innovative hybrid solutions merge the benefits of both wet and dry ECG electrode technologies, potentially facilitating the extended monitoring of ECG signals and thus advancing the diagnosis and treatment of various cardiac conditions.

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“…5 The proposed solutions include polymer composites, such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/TI/Au 6 , carbon nanotubes (CNT)/PDMS 7,8 , polypyrrole/CNT 9 ; polysiloxane with metallic nanoparticle/nanowire composites (based on silver, platinum, gold) 5 or textile electrodes (graphene-clad textiles 10 , ECG-garment 11 ). Unfortunately, the dry electrode solutions also are not entirely flawless 7,[12][13][14][15][16] . Complex production processes and expensive production materials significantly increase their costs and make them highly difficult to implement in large-scale production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogels enriched with carbon nanotubes for electrocardiography

Kołodziej

Iwasińska-Kowalska

Wróblewski

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The following paper proposes methods for the formation of high-performance interface electrode materials to increase the effectiveness of signal collection from the patient’s body during electrocardiography (ECG). The electrode materials are produced via the hybridisation of commercial ECG liquid hydrogels with carbon nanotubes (CNT), often used to manufacture dry ECG electrodes. The hybrid materials were prepared by mixing hydrogels with CNT powders and wrapping them in macroscopic CNT films. In both solutions, the liquid hydrogels ensure good wetting of the epidermis, while CNTs decrease the impedance of the material and stabilise the drying process. In addition, composite materials remain soft, ensuring microconformal attachment to skin and are biocompatible. Thus such hybrid solutions combine the advantages of wet and dry ECG electrode technologies and, therefore, could enable long-term monitoring of ECG signals leading to better diagnosis and treatment of many heart disorders.

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Fabrication Techniques for Carbon Nanotubes Based ECG Electrodes: A Review

Cited by 9 publications

References 59 publications

Resorbable conductive materials for optimally interfacing medical devices with the living

Resorbable conductive materials for optimally interfacing medical devices with the living

Hydrogels and Carbon Nanotubes: Composite Electrode Materials for Long-Term Electrocardiography Monitoring

Hydrogels enriched with carbon nanotubes for electrocardiography

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