Fabry-Pérot Resonances in One-Dimensional Plasmonic Nanostructures

Dorfmüller, Jens; Vogelgesang, Ralf; Weitz, R. Thomas; Rockstuhl, Carsten; Etrich, C.; Pertsch, Thomas; Lederer, F.; Kern, Klaus

doi:10.1021/nl900900r

Cited by 279 publications

(343 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…17 Complete loss compensation and net output amplification of SPPs in strip waveguides of gold have been realized via an optical gain medium by De Leon and Berini, 19 and more recently by Kena-Cohen et al 20 However, to date there exists no demonstration of optical gain for subwavelength-confined SPPs like those in metallic NWs, despite the fact that plasmon waveguiding in 1D silver and gold NWs is well documented. [8][9][10][11][12][13][26][27][28] Chemically synthesized metal NWs with lateral dimensions of ~100 nm have emerged as an important class of plasmonic waveguides [8][9][10][11]27,28 supporting strongly confined SPPs. SPP propagation lengths in NWs are significantly enhanced compared to polycrystalline waveguides prepared lithographically because of reduced defect scattering and leakage radiation.…”

Section: Subwavelength Confinement and Active Control Of Light Is Essmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dye-Assisted Gain of Strongly Confined Surface Plasmon Polaritons in Silver Nanowires

Paul

Zhen²,

Wang

et al. 2014

Nano Lett.

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Noble metal nanowires are excellent candidates as subwavelength optical components in miniaturized devices due to their ability to support the propagation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). Nanoscale data transfer based on SPP propagation at optical frequencies has the advantage of larger bandwidths but also suffers from larger losses due to strong mode confinement. To overcome losses, SPP gain has been realized, but so far only for weakly confined SPPs in metal films and stripes. Here we report the demonstration of gain for subwavelength SPPs that were strongly confined in chemically prepared silver nanowires (mode area = λ2/40) using a dye-doped polymer film as the optical gain medium. Under continuous wave excitation at 514 nm, we measured a gain coefficient of 270 cm–1 for SPPs at 633 nm, resulting in partial SPP loss compensation of 14%. This achievement for strongly confined SPPs represents a major step forward toward the realization of nanoscale plasmonic amplifiers and lasers.

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Section: Subwavelength Confinement and Active Control Of Light Is Essmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dye-Assisted Gain of Strongly Confined Surface Plasmon Polaritons in Silver Nanowires

Paul

Zhen²,

Wang

et al. 2014

Nano Lett.

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“…The antibonding antenna mode can, however, be excited if the symmetry of the system is broken either by the shape of the structure [34,35] or by the excitation geometry [6,27,36,37]. For example, Liu et al [27] show theoretically that a dipole located at the end of a pair of gold bipyramids can excite both the bonding plasmonic mode and the antibonding mode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mode Imaging and Selection in Strongly Coupled Nanoantennas

et al. 2010

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The number of eigenmodes in plasmonic nanostructures increases with complexity due to mode hybridization, raising the need for efficient mode characterization and selection. Here we experimentally demonstrate direct imaging and selective excitation of the "bonding" and "antibonding" plasmon mode in symmetric dipole nanoantennas using confocal two-photon photoluminescence mapping. Excitation of a high-qualityfactor antibonding resonance manifests itself as a two-lobed pattern instead of the single spot observed for the broad "bonding" resonance, in accordance with numerical simulations. The two-lobed pattern is observed due to the fact that excitation of the antibonding mode is forbidden for symmetric excitation at the feedgap, while concomitantly the mode energy splitting is large enough to suppress excitation of the "bonding" mode. The controlled excitation of modes in strongly coupled plasmonic nanostructures is mandatory for efficient sensors, in coherent control as well as for implementing well-defined functionalities in complex plasmonic devices. IntroductionPlasmonic nanostructures consisting of particular arrangements of closely spaced resonant particles are of great interest since they offer a variety of eigenmodes that evolve due to mode hybridization [1]. Characterization and well-defined excitation of such eigenmodes is important in order to achieve welldefined functionality in devices [2,3] and to successfully apply techniques of coherent control [4][5][6][7]. Nanoantennas consisting of two strongly coupled particles can serve as a model system to study the impact of mode selectivity [6,8,9]. Upon illumination nanoantennas confine and enhance optical fields [10,11] and can therefore be used to tailor the interaction of light with nanomatter [12]. Various applications of nanoantennas have been proposed and experimentally demonstrated, including enhanced single-emitter fluorescence [13][14][15], enhanced Raman scattering [16,17], near-field polarization engineering [18][19][20], high-harmonic generation [21,22], as well as applications in integrated optical nanocircuitry [23,24]. The longitudinal resonances of a symmetric dipole antenna can be understood in terms of hybridization of the longitudinal resonances of individual antenna arms, caused by the coupling over the narrow feedgap [25,26]. Such coupling causes a mode splitting into a lower-energy "bonding" mode and a higher-energy "antibonding" mode, respectively (Fig. 1). Limited by the uncertainty of conventional nanofabrication, it is often difficult to fabricate antenna arrays with a reproducible gap size below 20 nm, which is necessary to achieve significant energy splitting between the bonding and the antibonding mode. As a result, the existence of the antibonding antenna resonance has hardly been considered, although it may offer interesting opportunities, such as impedance tunability, a high quality factor due to its weakly radiative nature, the launching of propagating plasmon modes with increased propagation lengths [27] and spatial select...

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“…For our data analysis we therefore only selected the most symmetric structures by means of scanning electron microscopy (Supplementary). Typical scattering spectra of such dimers ( The excitation efficiency of each resonance depends on the orientation of the structure with respect to the excitation plane and polarization 31 . Indeed the scattering intensity of each resonance can be tuned by varying the orientation of the nanorod dimer with respect to the excitation plane (data not shown).…”

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confidence: 99%

Atomic-Scale Confinement of Resonant Optical Fields

Kern¹,

Großmann²,

Tarakina³

et al. 2012

Nano Lett.

139

157

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2The interaction of light and matter, i.e. absorption and emission of photons, can be considerably enhanced in the presence of strongly localized and therefore highly intense optical near fields 1 .Plasmonic antennas consisting of pairs of closely spaced metal nano particles have gained much attention in this context since they provide the possibility to strongly concentrate optical fields into the gap between the two metal particles [2][3][4] . Pairs of closely spaced metal nanoparticles supporting plasmonic gap resonances consequently find broad applications, e.g. in single-emitter surfaceenhanced spectroscopy 5,6 , quantum optics 7 , extreme nonlinear optics 8-10 , optical trapping 11 , metamaterials 12, 13 and molecular opto-electronics 14 .The success of metal-insulator-metal structures is based on two fundamental properties of their anti-symmetric electromagnetic gap modes. (i) As a direct consequence of the boundary conditions, the dominating field components normal to the metal-dielectric interfaces are sizable only inside the dielectric gap. This means that for anti-symmetric gap modes the achievable field confinement is not limited by the skin depth of the metal, but is solely determined by the actual size of the gap. (ii) Since the free electrons of the metal respond resonantly to an external optical frequency field, enormous surface charge accumulations, accompanied by ultra-intense optical near fields, will occur. In addition, with decreasing gap width, stronger attractive coulomb forces 4 across the gap lead to further surface-charge accumulation and a concomitantly increased near-field intensity enhancement. We therefore conclude that an experimental realization of atomic-scale concentration of electromagnetic fields at visible frequencies is possible but it requires atomic-scale shape control of the field-confining structure, i.e. the gap, as well as a careful assignment and selection of suitable optical modes.Here we achieve atomic-scale confinement of electromagnetic fields at visible frequencies by combining for the first time both atomic-scale shape control of the field confining structure 15 as well as a careful selection and assignment of suitable optical modes [16][17][18] . We study single-crystalline nanorods which self-assemble into side-by-side aligned dimers with gap widths below 0.5 nm. Sideby-side aligned nanorod dimers possess various distinguishable symmetric and anti-symmetric 3 modes in the visible range 19 . In contrast to previous work 20-22 we demonstrate full control over symmetric and anti-symmetric optical modes by means of white-light scattering experiments. We experimentally demonstrate the presence of atomic-scale light confinement in these structures by observing an extreme > 800 meV hybridization splitting of corresponding symmetric and antisymmetric dimer modes. Our results open new perspectives for atomically-resolved spectroscopic imaging, deeply nonlinear optics and attosecond physics, cavity optomechanics and ultra-sensing as well as quantum optics.To obtain nano...

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Fabry-Pérot Resonances in One-Dimensional Plasmonic Nanostructures

Cited by 279 publications

References 43 publications

Dye-Assisted Gain of Strongly Confined Surface Plasmon Polaritons in Silver Nanowires

Dye-Assisted Gain of Strongly Confined Surface Plasmon Polaritons in Silver Nanowires

Mode Imaging and Selection in Strongly Coupled Nanoantennas

Atomic-Scale Confinement of Resonant Optical Fields

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