“…On the other hand, researchers have made great progress on age progression. For example, the physical model-based methods [27,26,14,22] parametrically model biological facial change with age, e.g., muscle, wrinkle, skin, etc. However, they suffer from complex modeling, the requirement of sufficient dataset to cover long time span, and are computationally expensive; the prototype-based methods [28,11,24,29] tend to divide training data into different age groups and learn a transformation between groups.…”