Facial soft tissue depth measurements in cone-beam computed tomography: A study of a Brazilian sample

Beaini, Thiago Leite; Miamoto, Paulo; Duailibi-Neto, Eduardo F.; Tedeschi-Oliveira, Silvia Virgínia; Chilvarquer, Israel; Melani, Rodolfo Francisco Haltenhoff

doi:10.1016/j.legalmed.2021.101866

Cited by 9 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The exams were divided by sex into three age groups (from 18 to 30 years old, from 31 to 40 years old, 41 and older) following the original research group divisions [18], whose control sample, from Southeast Brazilian region, was composed of 100 exams equally distributed among the groups.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The protocol established by Beaini et al [18] was used to create a standardized measurements of FSTT in CBCT. In this guide, the skull images were positioned with the Frankfurt Horizontal Plane to avoid the influence of misplacement on multiplanar view.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The DICOM files from CBCT were imported into the Horos software, according to the protocol by Beaini et al [18], a window level of 500 e window width of 3500 were applied to all exams to favor the visualization of both hard and soft tissue limits. The acquired volume was reconstructed on a 3D MPR window (multiplanar reconstruction) and visualized with the aid of a MIP tool (maximum intensity projection) to perform the volume repositioning to the Frankfurt Horizontal Plane, as previously mentioned.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…To search for sex related differences, the t-test was applied on landmarks with normal distribution, whereas the Mann-Whitney test was used with nonnormal distribution data. The variance analysis from a one-way ANOVA was applied to investigate any differences among Concerning the regional differences, the research data were compared to the raw data of the Southeast region [18] to which full access was granted. A t-test was applied on the comparison of FSTT averages among the Southeastern [18] and Midwestern (this study) regions, for both sexes.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This justifies deeper investigation and the collection of data from different regions. With the intent of verifying the need for various FSTT charts on reconstruction from each geographic region, this research aimed to measure the FSTT in a Brazilian sample from the Midwest region and to compare to a previous sample from the Southeast region [18] using the same cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) measuring protocol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Facial soft tissue thickness in forensic facial reconstruction: Impact of regional differences in Brazil

et al. 2022

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Forensic facial reconstruction aims to assemble and provide the appearance of a face over a skull, in order to lead to recognition of that individual, making possible the application of primary identification methods. The scientific literature presents facial soft tissue thickness (FSTT) tables for reference from a range of different geographic regions. However, the consensus on its importance or on how to use specific population data related to FSTT is not unanimous. Brazil is formed by geographic regions with diverse populations, which are reflected in facial features. This paper aimed to measure and compare FSTT of distinct Brazilian samples to ascertain the need for specific data sets for different regions. A specific protocol for cone beam computed tomography was used to standardize measurement, and it was applied in a sample of 101 subjects. The FSTT measurements of a Brazilian population from the Midwest Region was compared to a previous sample from Southeast, which was collected using the same protocol. High compatibility was observed when comparing the averages of FSTT among samples of these two different geographic regions. Regarding age groups, notable differences on the medium and inferior face were observed in females. Minor variances found are unlikely to affect the practice of forensic facial reconstruction. Facial features, such as eyes, lips, nose, and skin may also be relevant in the differentiation of people from these two areas in Brazil. Therefore, concerning the Southeast and Midwest Brazilian regions, the need to apply different data sets is unnecessary.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Facial soft tissue thickness in forensic facial reconstruction: Impact of regional differences in Brazil

et al. 2022

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Global facial soft tissue thicknesses for craniofacial identification (2023): a review of 140 years of data since Welcker’s first study

Hona,

Stephan

2023

Int J Legal Med

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This year (2023) marks 140 years since the first publication of a facial soft tissue thickness (FSTT) study. Since 1883, a total of 139 studies have been published, collectively tallying > 220,000 tissue thickness measurements of > 19,500 adults. In just the last 5-years, 33 FSTT studies have been conducted. Herein, we add these data (plus an additional 20 studies) to the 2018 T-Table to provide an update of > 81,000 new datapoints to the global tallied facial soft tissue depths table. In contrast to the original 2008 T-Table, some notable changes are as follows: increased FSTTs by 3 mm at infra second molar (ecm2–iM2ʹ), 2.5 mm at gonion (go–goʹ), 2 mm at mid-ramus (mr–mrʹ), and 1.5 mm at zygion (zy–zyʹ). Rolling grand means indicate that stable values have been attained for all nine median FSTT landmarks, while six out of nine bilateral landmarks continue to show ongoing fluctuations, indicating further data collection at these landmarks holds value. When used as point estimators for individuals with known values across 24 landmarks (i.e., C-Table data), the updated grand means produce slightly less estimation error than the 2018 T-Table means (3.5 mm versus 3.6 mm, respectively). Future efforts to produce less noisy datasets (i.e., reduce measurement and sampling errors as much as possible between studies) would be useful.

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Cephalometric landmark standards and recent trends in craniofacial identification (2018-22): Avoiding imposters by describing variant landmarks as supplemental

Hona

Stephan²

2022

Forensic Imaging

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Facial soft tissue depth measurements in cone-beam computed tomography: A study of a Brazilian sample

Cited by 9 publications

References 45 publications

Facial soft tissue thickness in forensic facial reconstruction: Impact of regional differences in Brazil

Facial soft tissue thickness in forensic facial reconstruction: Impact of regional differences in Brazil

Global facial soft tissue thicknesses for craniofacial identification (2023): a review of 140 years of data since Welcker’s first study

Cephalometric landmark standards and recent trends in craniofacial identification (2018-22): Avoiding imposters by describing variant landmarks as supplemental

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