Facial soft tissue thickness in northwest Indian adults

Sahni, Daisy; Sanjeev, .; Singh, Gurpreet; Jit, Indar; Singh, Paramjeet

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.07.012

Cited by 113 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…STT data have been obtained on X-ray images as well, allowing these measurements to be taken in vivo [1,11,14]. However, at present, such data have been collected from living individuals using ultrasound [1,4,6,13,33], magnetic resonance imaging [23], and computed tomography (CT), including data from multislice CT [3,10,15,20], spiral CT [2,9,19, 31] and cone-beam CT [16,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, there are many datasets available for various population groups from Europe [5,6,15,19,31], Asia [2,9,16,18,23,29], North America [4,21], South America [22,30], Africa [1,3,13,20], and Australia [8,24,28]. For some of the population groups, the presence of significant interpopulation differences in the facial soft tissues has been established in the comparison with other close or distant populations [2,3,13,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sex and age have been the most discussed factors for their influence on the facial STTs, unlike the nutritional condition of individuals, which has not been considered in many studies and only individuals with normal nutritional status were examined [1,3,8,10,13,14,20,23,24,29,32]. However, the nutritional status of an individual may be an important factor for a successful recognition of the reconstructed face given that the changes in the STTs in relation to the weight have been shown to affect the subjective assessment considerably [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some authors agreed on the lack of bilateral differences in human facial tissues and measured the lateral STTs only on the right [4] or on the left side [3,9,18], and sometimes the measured side has not been specified [1,5,13,20]. Numerous studies have shown the bilateral differences in facial STTs, but their results contradict each other [6,8,10,22,23,28,30,31,32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Facial soft tissue thicknesses in Bulgarian adults: relation to sex, body mass index and bilateral asymmetry

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of the study is to measure the facial soft tissue thicknesses (STTs) in Bulgarians, to evaluate the relation of the STTs to the nutritional status, sex and bilateral asymmetry, and to examine the correlations between the separate STTs as well as between the STTs and body weight, height, and body mass index (BMI). In the present study, the facial STTs were measured on computed tomography scans of the head of Bulgarian adults. The STTs were measured at 7 midline and 9 bilateral landmarks. The measurements were performed in the free software InVesalius in the axial and sagittal planes. The mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values, median and coefficient of variation were reported for the STT at each landmark according to the sex and BMI category. The BMI, sex and bilateral differences were assessed for statistical significance. Pearson correlation analysis was applied to assess the strength and direction of the relationships between the STTs and body height, weight and BMI, as well as between separate STTs. The facial soft tissues in Bulgarian adults changed in accordance with the nutritional status of the individual and in both sexes all STTs augmented with the increasing BMI. For both normal and overweight BMI categories, males had more soft tissue at the majority of facial points than females, as the only exceptions were observed in the cheek zone, where STTs were thicker in females. Significant bilateral differences were observed in either sex and BMI category. Stronger correlations were established for the STTs in the jaw region and between the cheek and jaw soft tissues. Besides, the correlations between the homologous bilateral landmarks were among the strongest ones.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Facial soft tissue thicknesses in Bulgarian adults: relation to sex, body mass index and bilateral asymmetry

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several methods have been developed to measure facial soft tissue thickness in cadavers and in live patients [2]. Traditionally, facial soft tissue measurements have been studied using the needle depth probing method on cadavers [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of Anti-edema Drugs for Edema Control in Orthognathic Surgery Using Digitizer 3-D to Measure Facial Swelling

Tozzi¹,

Santillo

Tartaro

et al. 2014

J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction Orthognathic surgery involves making several osteotomies. Any osteotomies leads to varying degrees of post-operative swelling. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-edema drugs for the control of edema, using Digitizer 3D TM for measuring softtissue thickness, in patients who underwent bimaxillaryorthognathic surgery. Materials and Methods In this double-blinded, randomized, control trial, 24 patients (study group: 12 patients, control group: 12 patients) in whom bimaxillary orthognathic surgery was indicated, were included in this study. All swelling measurements were expressed as total 3-D area of the landmarks (cm 2 ) in T0 pre-operative, T1 first day after surgery, T2 fourth day after surgery, T3 4 months after surgery. For each patient we compared, by adding left and right area, the increase of swelling between T1-T0, T2-T0 and T1-T3. Results The differences T0-T1 are highly significant (p \ 0.01) between group 1 or study group (treated with Venoplant Ò ) and group 2 (control group); the differences T0-T2 are significant (p \ 0.05) between group 1 (treated with Venoplant Ò ) and group 2 (control group). The differences T1-T3 are significant (p \ 0.05) between group 1 (treated with Venoplant Ò ) and group 2 (control group). Discussion The present study suggests that Venoplant Ò significantly decreases postoperative edema in orthognathic surgery, thus precluding long-term corticosteroid use.

show abstract

Turning the tables of sex distinction in craniofacial identification: Why females possess thicker facial soft tissues than males, not vice versa

Stephan

Preisler

Bulut

et al. 2016

American J Phys Anthropol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Males are universally reported to possess larger facial soft-tissue thickness (FSTT) than females, however, this observation oversimplifies the raw data yielding an underpowered assessment of FSTT sex-patterning where: differences are small (η(2) < 5%) and inconsistent (females are routinely larger than males at the cheeks). Here we investigate body-size normalized data to assess whether more general and improved understanding of FSTT sex-variation in humans is possible. FSTTs were measured in 52 healthy living Australians aged 18 to 30 years using B-mode ultrasound. Participants' stature and body mass were also measured. Sex differences were calculated before and after normalization by the aforementioned body-composition variables. Methods were repeated in three other independent samples to evaluate reproducibility: 100 American Whites and 60 American Blacks measured by B-mode ultrasound; and 50 Turkish residents measured by regular supine CT. Compared to raw mean differences (F < M, by -6%), females displayed much thicker FSTTs than males when normalized for body mass (F > M, by +16%). Consequently, while the sexes share similar raw values, females possess much larger FSTTs for their relatively lighter bodies. The relative FSTT difference was 2.7× larger than the raw mean difference. Sex differences in FSTT are of larger magnitude and reversed direction in mass normalized data. Contrary to popular thought, females possess much larger FSTTs than males owing to their generically lighter bodies (-18 kg). These data patterns help explain why the pooling of sex-categorized FSTT does not jeopardize the sex-difference-it is encoded more strongly in terms relative to body mass.

show abstract

Facial soft tissue thickness in northwest Indian adults

Cited by 113 publications

References 16 publications

Facial soft tissue thicknesses in Bulgarian adults: relation to sex, body mass index and bilateral asymmetry

Facial soft tissue thicknesses in Bulgarian adults: relation to sex, body mass index and bilateral asymmetry

A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of Anti-edema Drugs for Edema Control in Orthognathic Surgery Using Digitizer 3-D to Measure Facial Swelling

Turning the tables of sex distinction in craniofacial identification: Why females possess thicker facial soft tissues than males, not vice versa

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About