Facile fabrication, mechanical property and flame retardancy of aerogel composites based on alginate and melamine-formaldehyde

Li, Xinlei; He, Yan-Rong; Qin, Zi-Ming; Chen, Mingjun; Chen, Hongbing

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121783

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The THR of the K1AL1S1 sample was the lowest among all samples (only 5.7 ± 0.08 kJ/g), which was 76.54% and 89.25% lower than that of PU and EPS, respectively. Moreover, the THRs of aerogels with the addition of sodium alginate were all lower than 7.5 kJ/g, which was consistent with the reported good flame-retardant effect of alginate [ 44 ]. The flame retardancy data of EPS and PU determined by microcalorimeter were different from the reported results [ 45 , 46 , 47 ], which may result from the variations of purchased samples.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…For PU and EPS, the LOI values were 20.5% and 17%, respectively, both of which were lower than that of KGM-based aerogels (all >22%). The LOI of aerogels added with sodium alginate is lower than that of the other KGM-based aerogels, which may be related to the inherent incombustibility of alginate [ 44 ]. The LOI value of K1G1 was the highest among the aerogels (about 25.09%), which was 24.09% and 47.59% higher than that of Pu and EPS, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructure, Thermal Conductivity, and Flame Retardancy of Konjac Glucomannan Based Aerogels

et al. 2021

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With abundant renewable resources and good biodegradability, bio-based aerogels are considered as promising insulating materials for replacing the conventional petroleum-based foam. In this study, konjac glucomannan (KGM)-based aerogels were prepared as thermal insulation materials via a convenient sol–gel and freeze-drying progress with different content of plant polysaccharides, proteins, and wheat straw. The morphology, thermal conductivity, and flame retardancy of KGM-based aerogels were determined. The KGM-based aerogels showed a uniform three-dimensional porous microstructure. The addition of wheat straw could significantly reduce the pore size of aerogels due to its special multi-cavity structure. KGM-based aerogels showed low densities (0.0234–0.0559 g/cm−3), low thermal conductivities (0.04573–0.05127 W/mK), low peak heat release rate (PHRR, 46.7–165.5 W/g), and low total heat release (THR, 5.7–16.2 kJ/g). Compared to the conventional expanded polystyrene (EPS) and polyurethane (PU) foam, the maximum limiting oxygen index (LOI) of KGM-based aerogels increased by 24.09% and 47.59%, the lowest PHRR decreased by 79.37% and 94.26%, and the lowest THR decreased by 76.54% and 89.25%, respectively. The results demonstrated that the KGM-based aerogels had better performance on flame retardancy than PU and EPS, indicating high potential applications as heat insulation in the green advanced engineering field.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure, Thermal Conductivity, and Flame Retardancy of Konjac Glucomannan Based Aerogels

et al. 2021

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“…However, despite many benefits, organic insulators have been seriously hampered by poor thermal-shielding ability under extreme environments (such as high temperatures and fire scenarios) where organic chains decompose to small molecules along with releasing flammable and toxic gases. Different methods have been developed to enhance the flame retardancy of organic aerogels by physically/chemically adding flame retardants into the matrix − or decorating the surface of aerogels with functional coatings . Although these methods are effective in reducing the flammability of polymers, the porous structures of flame-retardant aerogels will be completely destroyed in a high-energy radiation fire environment, resulting in loss of thermal insulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature-Responsive Intumescent Chemistry toward Fire Resistance and Super Thermal Insulation under Extremely Harsh Conditions

et al. 2021

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Organic aerogels with high strength are attractive for thermal insulators but are seriously hampered under fire/high-temperature harsh conditions. In this study, we report a smart temperature-responsive self-intumescent strategy for organic aerogels driven by in situ carbonization and self-foaming chemistry. The resultant smart temperature-responsive aerogel is not active at low temperatures but can intumesce rapidly to form stable porous carbon at higher temperatures (>300 °C) to achieve excellent fire resistance and high-temperature thermal insulation. Especially, the aerogel can smartly real-time expand with different contents in response to temperature/fire to form different porous carbon layers, thus resisting the attack of various heat conditions and exhibiting the best high-temperature insulating performance ever reported. The corresponding mechanism has been revealed in detail. This aerogel also exhibits the combined advantages of a high compressive modulus of 45 MPa, negligible heat and smoke release during fire, and low thermal conductivity. This novel strategy provides new insights for the development of advanced extreme-condition insulating organic insulators.

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“…Freeze dried alginate was mechanically reinforced by more than 670% by incorporation of clay and pH adjusted gelation, from a compressive modulus of 6.6 MPa to 51 MPa, and the flameretardant behavior was further improved in these composite porous materials [235]. Another study reported on the enhancement of the mechanical properties of freeze-dried alginate by almost 2900% through incorporation of graphene oxide into polyacrylamide, and combining ionic crosslinking of alginate with covalent crosslinking of polyacrylamide to form a strong hybrid double network [236].…”

Section: Aerogels From Alginatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, nanorod clay (palygorskite) was combined with alginate to achieve fire and heat resistance. Crosslinking has been used as another approach to improve water resistance of ice-templated alginate melamine-formaldehyde materials having thermal conductivities of 0.035-0.047 W/mK, depending on the ratio between alginate and melamine-formaldehyde [235].…”

Section: Aerogels From Alginatementioning

confidence: 99%

Biorefinery Approach for Aerogels

et al. 2020

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According to the International Energy Agency, biorefinery is “the sustainable processing of biomass into a spectrum of marketable bio-based products (chemicals, materials) and bioenergy (fuels, power, heat)”. In this review, we survey how the biorefinery approach can be applied to highly porous and nanostructured materials, namely aerogels. Historically, aerogels were first developed using inorganic matter. Subsequently, synthetic polymers were also employed. At the beginning of the 21st century, new aerogels were created based on biomass. Which sources of biomass can be used to make aerogels and how? This review answers these questions, paying special attention to bio-aerogels’ environmental and biomedical applications. The article is a result of fruitful exchanges in the frame of the European project COST Action “CA 18125 AERoGELS: Advanced Engineering and Research of aeroGels for Environment and Life Sciences”.

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Facile fabrication, mechanical property and flame retardancy of aerogel composites based on alginate and melamine-formaldehyde

Cited by 23 publications

References 48 publications

Microstructure, Thermal Conductivity, and Flame Retardancy of Konjac Glucomannan Based Aerogels

Microstructure, Thermal Conductivity, and Flame Retardancy of Konjac Glucomannan Based Aerogels

Temperature-Responsive Intumescent Chemistry toward Fire Resistance and Super Thermal Insulation under Extremely Harsh Conditions

Biorefinery Approach for Aerogels

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