Facile growth factor immobilization platform based on engineered phage matrices

Phage-Chips for Novel Optically Readable Tissue Engineering Assays

“…The advantages of using these phages as biosensors and tissue engineering materials were also previously discussed. 21,22 When the effects of SAM of RGD-peptide and RGD 8 -phage were compared in controlling cellular direction and morphology, the RGD 8 -phage SAM was found to be much more effective in guiding cell growth than the RGD-peptide SAM alone. In this study, we used SPR analyses to examine the effects of the three engineered phages on the proliferation of NIH3T3 cells at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h of culture.…”

“…21,24,25 We also demonstrated that the RGD 8 -phage could be modified to display an additional biotin-like peptide (HPQ peptide) on its minor coat protein (RGD 8 -HPQ 3 phage) to allow it to be conjugated to various growth factors for regulating cell growth. 22 We used these RGD 8 -and RGD 8 -HPQ 3 -phages to fabricate arrays of phage on gold-coated glass substrates. To enhance the interaction between the phage and the gold substrate, we further modified the RGD 8 -phage to include two aspartate (DD) motifs and coated the gold substrates with cysteamines through self-assembled monolayer (SAM) formation.…”

“…Phages were then applied to the treated glass at a concentration of 3.0 mg/mL by a pulling up method. 22 To make arrays of phage drop cast films (Figure 1. Inset), phage solutions (∼10 12 phages/mL in phosphate buffered saline (PBS)) were drop-cast on the gold-coated glass and allowed to dry overnight at room temperature.…”

Chemical modulation of M13 bacteriophage and its functional opportunities for nanomedicine

“…25 The viral capsid is aligned along the shaft and is composed of 2,700 copies of pVIII and ~5 copies of minor coat proteins pIII, pVI, pIX, and pVII located at either end. 21,22 The 50-residue pVIII (98% by mass) is composed of three distinct domains, namely, a negatively charged hydrophilic N-terminal domain (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), an intermediate hydrophobic domain (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39), and a positively charged domain (40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)…”

“…6,7 The viral particles can self-assemble into various ordered structures with well-defined filamentous shapes, which can lead to novel materials for various functional applications, including energy generation, biosensors, [11][12][13][14] semiconductors, 4,5 and tissue-regenerating materials. 13,[15][16][17][18] In addition, there is growing interest in M13 phage as a model system for soft condensed physics 19 and as a biomimetic building block for structured functional materials. 16,20 Although genetic engineering approaches have been widely used to design novel bionanomaterials, there are two main motives for development of methods for chemical functionalization of phage.…”