The Tb3+‐doped transparent glass ceramics containing Al4Ti2SiO12 crystal are synthesized by the melt‐solid‐crystallization method. The optimal heat treatment conditions for the glass ceramic samples are determined to be 750°C, 1.5 h based on differential scanning calorimeter, X‐ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, and light transmittance curve. The luminescence properties of the glass ceramics samples are characterized by a fluorescence spectrometer. The emission spectrum revealed that the dominant emission is green attributed to Tb3+, the optimal doping concentration is 0.3%. And the thermal quenching activation energy of 0.3% Tb3+‐doped glass ceramics is 0.2554 eV, while the relative sensitivity is 1.50% K−1 at 298 K and the absolute sensitivity is 2.27×10−2 K−1 at 418 K through variable temperature fluorescence spectroscopy test and a series of calculations. These findings demonstrate the excellent stability and temperature sensitivity of glass ceramics, thereby highlighting their potential for use in green lighting and temperature sensing applications.