Facilitation by exogenous attention for static and dynamic gestalt groups

Gonen, Fahrettin F.; Hallal, Hamza; Öğmen, Haluk

doi:10.3758/s13414-014-0679-2

Cited by 6 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Figure 3 shows the raw data for each target type. In general, the RTs ranged from 240 to 290 ms, in accordance with the RTs found in simple detection tasks (Abrams & Law, 2000;Gonen et al, 2014;Jordan & Tipper, 1999;List & Robertson, 2007;Marino & Scholl, 2005;Posner, 1980;Ro & Rafal, 1999). The effect of COA G was significant [F(1, 15) = 8.611, p < .001, η p 2 = .365], and in general, large COA G values yielded faster RTs.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…In the first case, the COA G was set to −500 ms (the earliest moment possible); thus, grouping started from the very beginning. This case was identical to the experiments in Gonen et al (2014). The motion trajectories during the entire trial consisted of two linear, randomly chosen trajectories.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contour closure is often used as an important property of objects, and explanations of how attention spreads from the location of the cue to the entire object may be based on a process that is limited by the closed contours of the object (e.g., Carey & Xu, 2001;Scholl & Leslie, 1999). However, Bobject^-based attentional benefits have been reported for stimuli with open contours (e.g., Avrahami, 1999;Marino & Scholl, 2005;Marrara & Moore, 2003), for Gestalt groups without contours (Marrara & Moore, 2003), and for spatiotemporal Gestalt grouping relations (Boi et al, 2011;Gonen, Hallal, & Ogmen, 2014). These findings suggest an important role for perceptual grouping in the allocation of exogenous attention: It directs exogenous attention to simpler and behaviorally meaningful wholes, rather than allowing it to spread indiscriminately over a complex stimulus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In our previous study, in which we investigated the joint operation of exogenous attention and perceptual grouping (Gonen et al, 2014), we used the grouping principle of Bcommon fate^to form distinct groups of moving disks and showed that when a cue was presented within one of the disks, it facilitated responses not only for the cued moving disk, but also for other disks that shared the same direction of motion as the cued disk (Gonen et al, 2014). In other words, exogenous attention was allocated to the entire perceptual group formed by the principle of common fate.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Gonen et al (2014), a stable perceptual group was already established at the time the cue appeared. In a natural environment, groups can be dynamically formed and dissolved.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exogenous attention during perceptual group formation and dissolution

Gonen

Öğmen

2016

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Under natural viewing conditions, a large amount of information reaches our senses, and the visual system uses attention and perceptual grouping to reduce the complexity of stimuli in order to make real-time perception possible. Prior studies have shown that attention and perceptual grouping operate in synergy; exogenous attention is deployed not only to the cued item, but also to the entire group. Here, we investigated how attention and perceptual grouping operate during the formation and dissolution of groups. Our results showed that reaction times are higher in the presence of perceptual groups than they are for ungrouped stimuli. On the other hand, attentional benefits of perceptual grouping were observed during both the formation and the dissolution of groups. The dynamics were similar during group formation and dissolution, showing a gradual effect that takes approximately half a second to reach its maximum level. In the case of group dissolution, the attentional benefits persisted for about a quarter of a second after dissolution of the group. Taken together, our results reveal the dynamics of how attention and grouping work in synergy during the transient period when groups form or dissolve.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 94%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Gonen et al (2014), a stable perceptual group was already established at the time the cue appeared. In a natural environment, groups can be dynamically formed and dissolved.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exogenous attention during perceptual group formation and dissolution

Gonen

Öğmen

2016

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Object-Based Attention

Cavanagh¹,

Caplovitz²,

Lytchenko³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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There appear to be three independent systems for allocating attention: space-based, feature based, and object-based. Here, we review the literature of object-based attention to determine its underlying mechanisms. First, findings from unconscious priming and cuing suggest that the pre-attentive targets of object-based attention can be fully developed object representations. Next, the control of object-based attention appears to come from ventral visual areas specialized in object analysis that project downward to early visual areas. Whether feedback from object areas can accurately target the object’s specific locations and features is controversial, but recent work in autoencoding has made this plausible. Finally, we suggest that the three classic modes of attention may not be as independent as is commonly considered, and instead could rely on object-based attention for all three modes of selection. Specifically, studies show that attention can spread over the separated members of a group – without affecting the space between them — matching the defining property of feature-based attention. At the same time, object-based attention directed to a single small item has the properties of space-based attention. Nevertheless, the evidence for a parallel, space-based selection controlled through saccade centers is also convincing. We outline the architecture for this combined system and discuss how it works in parallel with other attention pathways.

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A New Conceptualization of Human Visual Sensory-Memory

Öğmen

Herzog

2016

Front. Psychol.

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Memory is an essential component of cognition and disorders of memory have significant individual and societal costs. The Atkinson–Shiffrin “modal model” forms the foundation of our understanding of human memory. It consists of three stores: Sensory Memory (SM), whose visual component is called iconic memory, Short-Term Memory (STM; also called working memory, WM), and Long-Term Memory (LTM). Since its inception, shortcomings of all three components of the modal model have been identified. While the theories of STM and LTM underwent significant modifications to address these shortcomings, models of the iconic memory remained largely unchanged: A high capacity but rapidly decaying store whose contents are encoded in retinotopic coordinates, i.e., according to how the stimulus is projected on the retina. The fundamental shortcoming of iconic memory models is that, because contents are encoded in retinotopic coordinates, the iconic memory cannot hold any useful information under normal viewing conditions when objects or the subject are in motion. Hence, half-century after its formulation, it remains an unresolved problem whether and how the first stage of the modal model serves any useful function and how subsequent stages of the modal model receive inputs from the environment. Here, we propose a new conceptualization of human visual sensory memory by introducing an additional component whose reference-frame consists of motion-grouping based coordinates rather than retinotopic coordinates. We review data supporting this new model and discuss how it offers solutions to the paradoxes of the traditional model of sensory memory.

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Facilitation by exogenous attention for static and dynamic gestalt groups

Cited by 6 publications

References 35 publications

Exogenous attention during perceptual group formation and dissolution

Exogenous attention during perceptual group formation and dissolution

Object-Based Attention

A New Conceptualization of Human Visual Sensory-Memory

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