This editorial introduces readers to the Capability Approach to career guidance. It outlines the origins of the approach in the work of economist Amartya Sen, and explains some of its key concepts. The Capability Approach offers a way to think about freedom, justice and well-being that has great relevance to the concerns of career guidance. A brief summary is provided of scholarship adapting the Capability Approach for application to career research, policy and practice. Finally, the four papers in the special section (Egdell & Robertson; Joncas & Pilote; Skovhus; Fuertes et al.) are introduced.