Factor Analysis of the Administrator-Research Campus Climate Collaborative (ARC3) Survey

Abstract

Sexual assault, dating violence, stalking, and sexual harassment present serious challenges to the health and well-being of college students across the United States. An estimated one in five female college students is sexually assaulted during college. Under the federal protection of Title IX, institutions of higher education are responsible for addressing sexual harassment and sexual misconduct as forms of discrimination, thus campus climate surveys are increasingly being conducted in campus settings to examine student beliefs and experiences about sexual assault, dating violence, stalking, sexual harassment, and related campus prevention and response efforts. The Administrator-Researcher Campus Climate Collaborative (ARC3) Campus Climate Survey was designed to assess a range of Title IX violations that include sexual harassment, dating violence, and sexual misconduct victimization and perpetration. This article used a sample of students drawn from seven universities to assess the psychometric properties of the ARC3 survey. Specifically, factor analysis (exploratory and confirmatory) was used to examine the factor structure of each module of the ARC3 survey. Results indicated that the majority of modules within the ARC3 survey were valid and reliable. Recommendations are provided for university administration to utilize a scorecard approach in order to get a brief but comprehensive view of campus safety status.

The Prevalence of Sexual Misconduct in US Medical Education: Examining the Intersecting Vulnerabilities of Gender and Sexual Orientation

“…In this study, we adapted the Revised Campus Climate Survey from the Administrator-Researcher Campus Climate Collaborative (ARC3) for medical education settings. The original ARC3 survey, tested across three universities with 909 students and achieving an 85% completion rate, encompasses 19 modules on Title IX violations and related issues [ 19 ]. Our adaptation involved customizing survey items for the undergraduate medical school environment, ensuring relevance while maintaining the survey's primary goals.…”

Researching Students’ Experiences of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence and Harassment: Reflections and Recommendations from Surveys of Three UK HEIs

“…All three survey instruments were based on the Administrator-Researcher Campus Climate Consortium (ARC3) survey (Tilley et al 2020) developed by US sexual violence researchers together with university administrators in 2014-2015, focusing on US Title IX, and used in a range of US institutions (Tilley et al 2020;Swartout et al 2019) and elsewhere. Universities B and C used the ARC3 survey modules directly with minor amendments, and University A used a derivative survey 5 as its base.…”

Falsification of the Sexual Experiences Questionnaire: No Evidence of Systemic Sexual Harassment in Academic STEM

“…However, although the belief is very widespread, the notion that college females are profoundly in danger of rape is very narrowly grounded. The 20-25% fraction is many times repeated across time and publications [108,116,117], but the repetitions are not independent estimates. For example, the 20-25% victimization fraction did not originate in [108] but was there cited to a book by Bohmer and Parrot on campus sexual assault [117].…”

“…In another misconstrual Tilley and associates reported is that "An estimated one in five female college students is sexually assaulted during college," citing Krebs et al, 2016 [116]. However, Krebs and associates found an average 10.1% incidence rate of sexual assault (range = 4.2-20%), which was defined to include both unwanted sexual touching and rape.…”