Factor structure, measurement invariance, and concurrent validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale-7 in a Norwegian psychiatric outpatient sample

Brattmyr, Martin; Lindberg, Martin Schevik; Solem, Stian; Hjemdal, Odin; Havnen, Audun

doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04101-z

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores are commonly interpreted as following: 0–5 mild, 6–10 moderate, 11–15 moderate/severe, and 15 + severe. PHQ-9’s and GAD-7’s psychometric properties are well examined both internationally and in Norway [ 40 – 42 ]. The items of PHQ-9 and GAD-7 demonstrated acceptable levels of internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.85; Cronbach’s α = 0.84).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociodemographic factors and use of pain medication are associated with health-related quality of life: results from an adult community mental health service in Norway

et al. 2023

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important aspect of mental health outcomes. There are few studies on HRQoL in heterogeneous patient populations seeking help at community mental health services. The aims of the study were to compare how HRQoL, measured by the EuroQol five dimensions with five levels (EQ-5D-5L), was distributed compared to other samples from national and international studies, and to explore what factors are associated with HRQoL. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 1379 Norwegian outpatients reported their HRQoL before starting treatment. Associations with demographic variables, job status, socio-economic status, and use of pain medication were examined using multiple regression analysis. Results Most of the sample, 70% to 90%, reported problems with usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression; 30% to 65% reported that these problems were of a moderate to extreme degree. Forty percent reported problems with mobility, and about 20% reported problems with self-care. The sample’s HRQoL was considerably lower than the general population, and comparable to patient-groups from specialist mental health services. Originating from a developing country, lower level of education, lower yearly household income, being on sick leave or unemployed, and using pain medication were associated with lower HRQoL. Age, gender, and relationship status were not associated with HRQoL. This is the first study to simultaneously examine the unique contribution of these variables in one study. Conclusion The most impacted domains of HRQoL were pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression, and usual activities. Lower HRQoL was associated with several socio-demographic factors and use of pain medication. These findings might have clinical implications and suggest that mental health professionals should routinely measure HRQoL in addition to symptom severity, to identify areas that should be targeted to improve HRQoL.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociodemographic factors and use of pain medication are associated with health-related quality of life: results from an adult community mental health service in Norway

et al. 2023

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Health-related quality of life in psychiatric outpatients: a cross-sectional study of associations with symptoms, diagnoses, and employment status

Havnen,

Lindberg,

Lundqvist

et al. 2024

Qual Life Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background This cross-sectional study aimed to explore health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a large heterogeneous patient sample seeking outpatient treatment at a specialist mental health clinic. Method A sample of 1947 patients with common mental disorders, including depressive-, anxiety-, personality-, hyperkinetic- and trauma-related disorders, completed the EuroQoL 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L) to assess HRQoL. We investigated clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with the EQ-5D index and the EQ Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) using regression analyses. Results The sample reported lower HRQoL compared with the general population and primary mental health care patients. Sick leave, disability pension, work assessment allowance, and more symptoms of anxiety and depression were associated with lower EQ-5D index and EQ VAS scores. Furthermore, being male, use of pain medication and having disorders related to trauma were associated with reduced EQ-5D index scores, while hyperkinetic disorders were associated with higher EQ-5D index scores. Conclusion HRQoL of psychiatric outpatients is clearly impaired. This study indicated a significant association between employment status, symptom severity, and HRQoL in treatment-seeking outpatients. The findings highlight the importance of assessing HRQoL as part of routine clinical assessment.

show abstract

New cut-off points of PHQ-9 and its variants, in Costa Rica: a nationwide observational study

González-Sánchez,

Ortega-Moreno,

Villegas-Barahona

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The PHQ-9 questionnaire is a screening test worldwide used to measure depression. But it cannot be used in Costa Rica, due to the fact that it has not previously been validated for its population. The present study aims to show the validation of the PHQ-9 questionnaire and its variants (PHQ-2, PHQ-4, PHQ-8) in a population sample of adults residing in Costa Rica. A sample was collected (n = 1162) using a self-administered questionnaire. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, and Multiple Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis (MGCFA) were tested. One factor was found that explained 73.33% of the variance with excellent internal consistency (α = 0.928). Goodness-of-fit measures were adequate (RMSEA = 0.107; CFI = 0.948), as was diagnostic power at a cut-off of 10 (78.60 for Sensitivity and 27.95 for 1-Specificity). External validation indices were good (r = 0.843 with GAD-7, r = − 0.647 with RS14, and r = 0.301 with FCV19S), and the model showed invariance by sex (∆χ2 = 27.90; df = 27; p < 0.001). Additionally, new cut-off points were proposed for PHQ-9 and its variants for Costa Rican male, female, and general populations. The PHQ-9 and its variants (PHQ-2, 4, and 8) are valid tools for detecting depression (and anxiety for PHQ-4) in Costa Rican population. In addition, new cut-off points differentiated by sex are proposed.

show abstract

Factor structure, measurement invariance, and concurrent validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale-7 in a Norwegian psychiatric outpatient sample

Cited by 7 publications

References 40 publications

Sociodemographic factors and use of pain medication are associated with health-related quality of life: results from an adult community mental health service in Norway

Sociodemographic factors and use of pain medication are associated with health-related quality of life: results from an adult community mental health service in Norway

Health-related quality of life in psychiatric outpatients: a cross-sectional study of associations with symptoms, diagnoses, and employment status

New cut-off points of PHQ-9 and its variants, in Costa Rica: a nationwide observational study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About