Factors Affecting Alkalinity Generation by Successive Alkalinity‐Producing Systems: Regression Analysis

Jage, Christopher Raymond; Zipper, Carl E.; Noble, Rachel T.

doi:10.2134/jeq2001.3031015x

Cited by 42 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The relationship is logarithmic, indicating that the most rapid alkalinity generation occurs in the first few hours and that the rate of limestone dissolution slows with time likely as water reaches saturation with respect to calcite (Rose 1999). This relationship was also noted by Jage et al (2001) in a review of five SAPS cells in West Virginia. Net alkalinity generation rates in our RAPS units were greatest at Sullivan Mine followed by Herbert Stream and Pike River.…”

Section: Sullivan Mine and Pike River Adit Rapsmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…This is likely due to the much higher acidity and lower pH at the Sullivan Mine and Pike River compared to the Herbert Stream, which can result in faster limestone dissolution rates, and therefore a strong response to increases in limestone contact residence times. Jage et al (2001) noted a similar positive relationship between influent acidity and net alkalinity generation and attributed this in part to the higher solubility of calcite under acidic conditions.…”

Section: Sullivan Mine and Pike River Adit Rapsmentioning

confidence: 76%

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Results of small-scale passive system trials to treat acid mine drainage, West Coast Region, South Island, New Zealand

Trumm¹,

Watts²

2010

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

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Successful passive treatment of acid mine drainage can be improved through the use of small-scale pilot treatment systems to confirm appropriate system selection. Small-scale reducing and alkalinity producing systems were tested at two acid mine drainage sites in the West Coast Region, South Island, New Zealand: the Sullivan Mine and the Pike River Adit. A laboratory trial consisting of a limestone leaching column was conducted on the Blackball Mine acid mine drainage, West Coast Region. All three sites contain low pH (Sullivan Mine, 2.9; Pike River Adit, 3.2; Blackball Mine, 3.1), elevated Fe (Sullivan Mine, 47 mg/ L; Pike River Adit, 34 mg/L; Blackball Mine, 10.6 mg/L), elevated Al (Sullivan Mine, 14 mg/L; Pike River Adit, 1.6 mg/L; Blackball Mine, 14.1 mg/L) and minor concentrations of Mn (0.35Á0.51 mg/L), Ni (0.005Á0.13 mg/L) and Zn (0.14Á1.1 mg/L). The percentages of metals removed by the Sullivan Mine reducing and alkalinity producing system were: Fe (97%), Al (100%) and Ni (66%). The percentage metal removals at the Pike River Adit reducing and alkalinity producing system were: Fe (99%), Al (96%), Ni (95%) and Zn (99%). Percent metal removals for the Blackball Mine acid mine drainage were: Fe (87%), Al (91%), Mn (21%) and Zn (68%). Interpretation of data from these small-scale systems suggests that a reducing strategy may be successful at the Sullivan Mine and Pike River Adit and that an oxidising strategy may be appropriate for the Blackball Mine.

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Section: Sullivan Mine and Pike River Adit Rapsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Sullivan Mine and Pike River Adit Rapsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Results of small-scale passive system trials to treat acid mine drainage, West Coast Region, South Island, New Zealand

Trumm¹,

Watts²

2010

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

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“…Reported VFW treatment efficiencies for acidity range from almost no treatment to 800 g m −2 day −1 (Jage et al 2000(Jage et al , 2001Ji et al 2008;Kepler and McCleary 1994;LaBar et al 2008;Rose 2003Rose , 2004aRose , b, 2006 formation and precipitation of metal sulfides, microbial generation of alkalinity by sulfate reduction reactions, metal exchange and complexation reactions, and continuous formation of carbonate alkalinity due to limestone dissolution under anoxic conditions. Therefore, AnWs are suitable for the treatment of net-acidic water.…”

Section: Vertical Flow Wetlandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Passive Systems for Acid Mine Drainage Treatment

et al. 2016

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acid neutralization and oxidation and precipitation of the resulting metal flocs. Before selecting an appropriate treatment technology, the AMD conditions and chemistry must be characterized. Flow, acidity and alkalinity, metal, and dissolved oxygen concentrations are critical parameters. This paper reviews the current state of passive system technology development, provides results for various system types, and provides guidance for sizing and effective operation.Keywords Anoxic limestone drains · Bioreactors · Limestone leach beds · Low-pH Fe oxidation channels · Open limestone channels · Wetlands Acid Mine DrainageOxidation of pyritic materials during and after mining produces sulfuric acid and metal ions. These products react with host rock and surface and groundwater to create a range of water chemistries from pH 2 to 8 and elevated ion concentrations. Such waters have traditionally been called acid mine drainage (AMD) and alkaline mine drainage. I n this paper, we use AMD when the water is acidic and state clearly in the text when the water being referred to is not acidic. When AMD enters surface water bodies, biotic impairment often occurs through direct toxicity, habitat alteration by metal precipitates, nutrient cycle alterations, or other mechanisms, and the water often becomes unsuitable for domestic, agricultural, and industrial uses. The process of pyrite oxidation and its effects on water resources have been known for centuries (Nordstrom 2011;Seal and Shanks 2008) and AMD is a worldwide concern (Younger and Wolkersdorfer 2004). Damaging effects of AMD have been described by researchers in Asia (David 2003; Wei Abstract When appropriately designed and maintained, passive systems can provide long-term, efficient, and effective treatment for many acid mine drainage (AMD) sources. Passive AMD treatment relies on natural processes to neutralize acidity and to oxidize or reduce and precipitate metal contaminants. Passive treatment is most suitable for small to moderate AMD discharges of appropriate chemistry, but periodic inspection and maintenance plus eventual renovation are generally required. Passive treatment technologies can be separated into biological and geochemical types. Biological passive treatment technologies generally rely on bacterial activity, and may use organic matter to stimulate microbial sulfate reduction and to adsorb contaminants; constructed wetlands, vertical flow wetlands, and bioreactors are all examples. Geochemical systems place alkalinity-generating materials such as limestone in contact with AMD (direct treatment) or with fresh water upgradient of the AMD. Most passive treatment systems employ multiple methods, often in series, to promote 1 3Mine Water Environ (2017) 36:133-153

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“…Nevertheless, other studies have demonstrated the incorporation of organic rich compost within a limestone-based treatment system can enhance alkalinity production because of organic matter oxidation, sulfate reduction, CO 2 production, and associated interaction with limestone (e.g. Amos and Younger 2003;Jage et al 2001;Thomas and Romanek 2002a, b;Watzlaf et al 2000Watzlaf et al , 2004. The compost may be particularly effective for treatment of AMD with high concentrations of dissolved ferric iron and aluminum (Jage et al 2001;Thomas and Romanek 2002b).…”

Section: Bell Discharge Treatment Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amos and Younger 2003;Jage et al 2001;Thomas and Romanek 2002a, b;Watzlaf et al 2000Watzlaf et al , 2004. The compost may be particularly effective for treatment of AMD with high concentrations of dissolved ferric iron and aluminum (Jage et al 2001;Thomas and Romanek 2002b).…”

Section: Bell Discharge Treatment Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Downflow Limestone Beds for Treatment of Net-Acidic, Oxic, Iron-Laden Drainage from a Flooded Anthracite Mine, Pennsylvania, USA: 1. Field Evaluation

Cravotta¹,

Ward²

2008

Mine Water Environ

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Passive-treatment systems that route acidic mine drainage (AMD) through crushed limestone and/or organic-rich substrates have been used to remove the acidity and metals from various AMD sources, with a wide range of effects. This study evaluates treatment of net-acidic, oxic, iron-laden AMD with limestone alone, and with organicrich compost layered with the limestone. In the fall of 2003, a treatment system consisting of two parallel, 500-m 2 downflow cells followed by a 400-m 2 aerobic settling pond and wetland was installed to neutralize the AMD from the Bell Mine, a large source of AMD and baseflow to the Schuylkill River in the Southern Anthracite Coalfield, in east-central Pennsylvania. Each downflow cell consisted of a lower substrate layer of 1,090 metric tons (t) of dolomitic limestone (60 wt% CaCO 3 ) and an upper layer of 300 t of calcitic limestone (95 wt% CaCO 3 ); one of the downflow cells also included a 0.3 m thick layer of mushroom compost over the limestone. AMD with pH of 3.5-4.3, dissolved oxygen of 6.6-9.9 mg/L, iron of 1.9-5.4 mg/L, and aluminum of 0.8-1.9 mg/L flooded each cell to a depth 0.65 m above the treatment substrates, percolated through the substrates to underlying, perforated outflow pipes, and then flowed through the aerobic pond and wetland before discharging to the Schuylkill River. Data on the flow rates and chemistry of the effluent for the treatment system indicated substantial neutralization by the calcitic limestone but only marginal effects from the dolomitic limestone or compost. Because of its higher transmissivity, the treatment cell containing only limestone neutralized greater quantities of acidity than the cell containing compost and limestone. On average, the treatment system removed 62% of the influent acidity, 47% of the dissolved iron, 34% of the dissolved aluminum, and 8% of the dissolved manganese. Prior to treatment of the Bell Discharge, the Schuylkill River immediately below its confluence with the discharge had pH as low as 4.1 and supported few, if any, fish. However, within the first year of treatment, the pH was maintained at values of 5.0 or greater and native brook trout were documented immediately below the treatment system, though not above.

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Factors Affecting Alkalinity Generation by Successive Alkalinity‐Producing Systems: Regression Analysis

Cited by 42 publications

References 10 publications

Results of small-scale passive system trials to treat acid mine drainage, West Coast Region, South Island, New Zealand

Results of small-scale passive system trials to treat acid mine drainage, West Coast Region, South Island, New Zealand

Review of Passive Systems for Acid Mine Drainage Treatment

Downflow Limestone Beds for Treatment of Net-Acidic, Oxic, Iron-Laden Drainage from a Flooded Anthracite Mine, Pennsylvania, USA: 1. Field Evaluation

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