Factors Affecting Forage Quality

Moore, Kenneth J.; Lenssen, Andrew W.; Fales, S. L.

doi:10.1002/9781119436669.ch39

Cited by 36 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Pearl millet depends more on terminal buds, that is, main stems with intact apical meristems, for regrowth, while sudangrass and sorghum–sudangrass depend more on basal and axillary tillers, that is, those that emerge from the base and upper nodes on the stem, respectively, for regrowth (Clapp & Chamblee, 1970). The significance of having different regrowth patterns to IVOMD concentration responses we observed, though, remains unclear but presumably relates to the proportion of stem in the harvested dry matter (Edwards et al., 1971) and the extent of cell wall development and lignification (Moore et al., 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…), consisted of 57% of DM 90 d after interseeding in unseeded pastures compared to 15% on average in interseeded pastures (Guretzky et al., 2020). Warm‐season grass leaves have lower proportions of thin‐walled mesophyll cells and greater proportions of thick‐walled parenchyma bundle sheath cells compared to cool‐season grass leaves (Moore et al., 2020), and combined with mature stem tissue, would contribute to reduced IVOMD concentrations in unseeded pastures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interseeding annual warm‐season grasses into pastures: Forage nutritive value and yields

et al. 2021

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Interseeding annual warm-season grasses into pastures often increases forage accumulation. Yet, impacts on nutritive value and yields remain unreported. We analyzed forage collected from five Nebraska and Kansas experiments in 2015-2016 (eight environments) for crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) concentrations and yields. Each experiment subjected perennial cool-season grasses to two harvest frequencies (once at 90 d and twice at 45 and 90 d after interseeding) and four interseeded annual warm-season grass types-pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.], sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. drummondii (Nees ex Steud) de Wet & Harlan], a sorghumsudangrass hybrid (S. bicolor × S. bicolor var. sudanense), and an unseeded control. Across environments, 90-d CP and IVOMD concentrations increased while CP and IVOMD yields decreased in interseeded pastures when harvested twice, indicating presence of nutritive value-yield tradeoffs. Pastures interseeded with sorghumsudangrass had greater 90-d IVOMD concentrations and CP and IVOMD yields when harvested once but only greater 90-d IVOMD concentrations when harvested twice compared to unseeded pastures. Interseeding sorghum-sudangrass provided an effective strategy to increase CP and IVOMD yields in late summer in humid environments with tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort., nom. cons.] and in mid-and late summer in humid environments with smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and semiarid environments with western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) Á. Löve]. Interseeding annual warm-season grasses did not consistently increase CP and IVOMD yields in semiarid environments with smooth bromegrass and crested wheatgrass [Agropyrum cristatum (L.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interseeding annual warm‐season grasses into pastures: Forage nutritive value and yields

et al. 2021

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“…The science of forage production has long established the decline of nutritional value of forages through the growing season and sought to identify optimal harvest times (Moore, Lenssen, & Fales, 2020;Karn et al, 2004;Ball et al, 2001;Upfold and Wright, 1994). As perennial forages (hay) mature over the season there is a natural, inevitable drop in quality.…”

Section: Forage Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hay Nutritional Quality and Grassland Bird Nesting: Impact of Delaying First Hay Cut on Dairy and Beef Production in Ontario

Smith¹,

Wells²,

Cant³

et al. 2022

SAR

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Perennial forage production exists in Ontario to support the livestock industry, but also provides nesting habitat for grassland birds such as the threatened Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) and Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna). Delaying hay harvest until July 15 or later allows most nestling birds to leave the nest, but the nutritional value of hay decreases substantially. This project estimated the nutritional and economic impact of delaying the first hay cut until after July 15 on beef and dairy production in Ontario, Canada. Forage crops were sampled across Ontario, analysis of nutritional value performed, and effects on production and economics modelled. 634 samples were collected over 13 weeks at 16 sites from May 21 to August 14 during 2014 and 2015. As expected, nutritional quality declined over the season. Crude protein decreased by 5.2%, total digestible nutrients by 7.7%, neutral detergent fibre digestibility (NDFd48) by 20.1%, while lignin increased by 3.5%, neutral detergent fibre by 13.1%, and acid detergent fibre by 9.9%. Estimated yearly milk production decreased 10.9 kg or C$7.87/dairy cow for each day of delay in harvest (2017 values). Estimated growth of backgrounding beef steers decreased 1.56 kg or C$5.49/head for each day of delay in harvest. This translated into lost revenue per acre for backgrounding steers of C$31 per acre and C$45 per acre for over wintering beef cows for a delay from mid-June to mid-July. Some agri-environmental incentives in Canada, US and Europe offset the reduced revenue due to lower quality forages. This analysis informs farmers about the cost of practices to benefit grassland birds and provides empirical data on how to structure stewardship incentives for these practices.

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“…Pengairan penting diperhatikan pada sorgum sebagai tanaman toleran kering terhadap konsentrasi total N, sianida dan nitrat dan pengembangan varietas sianogenik baru perlu dilakukan (Gleadow et al 2016). Kualitas hijauan dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan, genotif, fisiologis dan biokemistri, anatomi dan struktur morfologi tanaman (Moore et al 2020). Perubahan iklim perlu disikapi dengan beberapa langkah diantaranya penggunaan varietas rendah emisi, penggunaan pupuk organik, serta penyesuaian teknik budidaya melalui pengelolaan air (Sudarma & As-syakur 2018).…”

Section: Strategi Mengatasi Masalah Perubahan Iklim Untuk Tanaman Pakunclassified

Strategy for Adaptation of Forage Crops to Climate Change

Harmini¹,

Fanindi²

2020

WARTAZOA

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Climate change is characterized by an increasing in temperature, drought, and an increase in CO2. This paper aims to propose the right strategy to deal with climate change in forage crops. Plant adaptation mechanisms include increasing water content, cell membrane stability, and photosynthetic capacity by suppressing stomata conductance and C consumption through respiration. The impacts of climate change on animal feed crops include: decreased productivity and nutrient content, and reduced planting area which affects the supply of animal feed so that food availability is disrupted. Adaptation strategies are carried out by managing the cultivation of forage plants, including selecting planting and harvesting times, as well as irrigation. Besides, it is necessary to select adaptive fodder plants through breeding. Breeding methods are conducted through the exploration of genetic resources to compile new superior forage adaptive crops to climate change. Recommendations for adaptable forage include: sorghum, Brachiaria humidicola, Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum).

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Factors Affecting Forage Quality

Cited by 36 publications

References 75 publications

Interseeding annual warm‐season grasses into pastures: Forage nutritive value and yields

Interseeding annual warm‐season grasses into pastures: Forage nutritive value and yields

Hay Nutritional Quality and Grassland Bird Nesting: Impact of Delaying First Hay Cut on Dairy and Beef Production in Ontario

Strategy for Adaptation of Forage Crops to Climate Change

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