Factors affecting hazardous waste solidification/stabilization: A review

Malviya, Rachana; Chaudhary, Rubina

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.01.065

Cited by 392 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(106 reference statements)

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“…As previ-ously mentioned, the presence of impurities in the formulation may interfere with hydration processes during solidification, 23 and may, therefore, jeopardize the structure and function of the final PC. This might represent a limitation for the use of reinforced PCs in future applications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of additives on the compressive strength and setting time of a Portland cement

et al. 2010

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Improvements in strength and setting time of Portland cements (PC) are needed to enhance their performance as endodontic and load bearing materials. This study sought to enhance the compressive strength and setting time of a PC by adding one of the following additives: 20% and 30% poly-methylmethacrylate (PMMA), 20% and 30% irregular and spherical amalgam alloys, and 10% CaCl 2 . The control consisted of unreinforced PC specimens. Setting time was determined using a Gillmore apparatus according to standardized methods while compressive strength was measured using a universal testing machine after 21 hours or 60 days of water storage. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey and Games-Howell tests (α = 5%). All additives significantly decreased both initial and final setting times as compared with the PC-control (p < .05). 30% PMMA and 30% irregular alloy had the lowest values of initial setting time. 30% irregular alloy also produced the lowest values of final setting time while 30% spherical alloy yielded the highest (p < .05). No differences were detected between the compressive strength values of 21 hours and 60 days. While 10% CaCl 2 , 20% and 30% PMMA produced values significantly lower than the PC-control, 30% spherical alloy significantly improved the compressive strength of the reinforced PC (p < .05). In summary, all additives significantly reduced the setting time and 30% spherical amalgam alloy yielded a significant increase in compressive strength for the tested PC, which might represent an improved composition for PCs to expand their use as endodontic and potentially load bearing materials.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of additives on the compressive strength and setting time of a Portland cement

et al. 2010

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“…Solidificação com cimento é amplamente compreendido e simples, é acessível e resulta em um produto estável. Em geral os outros ligantes: cimento branco, pó de forno, cal, cinza volante, cinzas de combustível pulverizado, silicatos, etc, substituem parcialmente o cimento, o que pode ter um impacto positivo ou efeito negativo sobre a força, tempo de pega e hidratação [24]. Processos de estabilização/solidificação de resíduos são tratamentos destinados a melhorar o manuseio e as características físicas de líquidos ou semi-sólidos e diminuir a liberação de risco para o ambiente.…”

Section: Adição Do Pae No Cimentounclassified

Oportunidades Para Adição De Pó De Aciaria Elétrica No Cimento

Metz¹,

Brehm²,

Moraes³

et al. 2018

ABM Proceedings

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ResumoA concepção de desenvolvimento sustentável tem resultado no aumento de pressões ambientais para a melhoria da eficiência na utilização de recursos, e para a significativa redução das emissões e da geração de resíduos. No processo de fabricação de aço nas siderúrgicas com fornos elétricos a arco ocorre a geração do resíduo sólido denominado pó de aciaria elétrica (PAE). O PAE é constituído por diferentes óxidos metálicos. Contém cromo, chumbo e cádmio e, por isso, é classificado como resíduo classe I -Perigoso pela NBR 10004 [1]. Gerado em grandes quantidades diariamente em todo o país, o PAE é disposto principalmente em aterros industriais. A indústria da construção civil, devido a quantidade de matérias-primas consumida e variedade de produtos disponíveis -cimento, concreto, agregado, cerâmica, entre outros, apresenta-se como alternativa para a reciclagem de resíduos gerados em outros setores da econômica. Estudos indicam o potencial uso do PAE na produção de materiais da construção civil, tais como cimento e concreto. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma revisão da literatura sobre a viabilidade técnica da adição do PAE ao cimento como alternativa de valorização desse resíduo. Os estudos sugerem que em quantidades próximas a 1%, a adição de PAE não afeta de forma significativa as propriedades do cimento. Palavras-chave: Pó de aciaria elétrica; Siderurgia; Resíduos sólidos; Cimento. OPPORTUNITIES TO ADD ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE DUST IN CEMENT AbstractThe sustainable development concept has resulted in increased environmental pressures to improve the efficient use of resources and reduction of emissions and waste generation. In the steelmaking process through electric arc furnaces, dust generation occurs which is called electric arc furnace dust (EAFD). EAFD is composed by different metal oxides. Some common elements those constitute this dust, chromium, lead and cadmium, and therefore, waste is classified as class I -hazardous by NBR 10004 [1]. PAE has been generated in large quantities every day across the country and it has mainly landfilled. Due to expressive amount of raw materials consumed in civil construction industry and also the variety of products available (cement, concrete, aggregate, ceramics, among others), this seems to be an alternative for waste recycling generated in other sectors. Studies indicate the potential use of the EAFD in the production of construction materials such as cement and concrete. The objective of this paper is to present a literature review about the technical feasibility of adding EAFD in cement as an alternative valorization of this waste. Studies suggest that in amounts up to 1%, the addition of EAFD does not affect significantly cement properties.

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“…Although based on current practice, cement has been added to soil from 5% to 20% [10]. It was decided to experiment with 10% cement to total mixture while rice husk ash was added at 5% to 20% to the total dry weight of the mixture.…”

Section: Solidification/stabilisation Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Strength, Leachabilty and Microstructure Characteristics of Chromium Contaminated Stabilised Sediment

Aliyu

Karim

Ming

2016

MATEC Web of Conferences

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Abstract. The effect of replacing cement with rice husk ash (RHA) on compressive strength and leachability of Chromium stabilised sediments was investigated. Artificially contaminated sediment was prepared by spiking sediment with solution of Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) to achieve an average of 1000 ppm target concentration. Cement was added at 10% and rice husk ash at 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% to the total dry weight of the mixture, which were then cured at room temperature (27 ± 3 o C) and humidity of 75 ± 5 % for 7, 14 and 28 days. The addition of RHA with cement to the spiked sediment increased the compressive strength (UCS) of solidified sample with increase in curing period. The reaction products and crystalline mineral phases were identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD) which shows the formation of various crystalline phases of the treated sediment after 28 days which explain the mechanisms responsible for immobilization of chromium under study. The UCS values of solidified samples at 7, 14 and 28 days exceeded the minimum landfill disposal limits of 0.34N/mm2 (340 kPa). It was observed that leaching of Cr (VI) was higher in acetic acid medium (TCLP) as compared to deionized water (DIW) medium. The leached chromium concentrations in the two different leachates (acetic acid, and deionized water) were all below the regulatory limits of 5 mg/l of U.S EPA. Results have indicated that the partial replacement of cement with RHA in the binder system has increased the strength and reduced leachability of chromium in the treated compared to untreated sediment samples.

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Factors affecting hazardous waste solidification/stabilization: A review

Cited by 392 publications

References 75 publications

Effect of additives on the compressive strength and setting time of a Portland cement

Effect of additives on the compressive strength and setting time of a Portland cement

Oportunidades Para Adição De Pó De Aciaria Elétrica No Cimento

The Strength, Leachabilty and Microstructure Characteristics of Chromium Contaminated Stabilised Sediment

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