Payment models for orthopaedic services are constantly changing. Rather than have changes dictated to us, it is our responsibility as experts in arthroscopic surgery to advocate for patients and offer our unique insight to governmental agencies and payers. Before we can begin to understand this complex landscape, we need to start at the beginning and master the fundamentals of health care economics: cost-effectiveness analysis, cost minimization, cost benefit, and the like. Failure to do so will mean being left out of a conversation that will ultimately affect our ability to care for patients.