Factors Affecting the Implementation of Clinical Pharmacy Services in China

Abstract

New policies in China have recently led to the implementation of clinical pharmacy services in hospitals. We explored the views of hospital administrators, pharmacy directors, clinical pharmacists, and dispensing pharmacists about the factors affecting clinical pharmacy services in China, using the framework approach and organizational theory. We conducted 30 interviews with 130 participants at 29 hospitals (both secondary and tertiary) in Beijing, Zhengzhou, Luoyang, and Shanghai. We found that the barriers to and facilitators of implementation of clinical pharmacy services slotted into the environment and participant dimensions of Scott's adapted version of Leavitt's organizational model. External support from government was perceived as crucial to promoting pharmacy services. It is proposed that the internationally recognized Basel Statements of the International Pharmaceutical Federation also provide a strong foundation for guiding China in implementing clinical pharmacy services.

Community pharmacists’ perceptions about pharmaceutical care of OTC western medicine: a survey in Harbin of China

“…Provision of pharmaceutical care is not subject to any reimbursement by the care receivers nor the government. The current insurance programs in China also do not pay for professional services provided by community pharmacist [9]. The income of community pharmacists strongly depends on product sale.…”

Clinical pharmacy services that influence prescribing in the Western Pacific Region based on the FIP Basel Statements

“…These independent variables were selected for inclusion in the models based on previous literature, suggesting they may be associated with the implementation of clinical pharmacy services [18,20,30,36,37].…”

“…Asia is a region that is rapidly increasing its provision of clinical pharmacy services, with reports in the literature from China [19][20][21][22], Singapore [23,24], Taiwan [25,26] and Hong Kong [27]. These countries are located in the Western Pacific Region (WPR), which represents one quarter of the world's population ( Fig.…”

Differences and similarities in clinical pharmacy practice in China and the United States: a narrative review

“…Several physician and medical organisations in the USA have acknowledged the benefits of physicians and pharmacists working collaboratively to improve patients’ quality of life and reduce medication-related adverse effects 8–12. In China, clinical pharmacy services only began in 2005 after China’s Ministry of Health (MoH) issued a series of documentations regarding clinical pharmacists 13. Despite this, clinical pharmacy has developed rapidly over these years and lots of studies have proved that pharmaceutical care service improves patient outcomes as well as quality of life 14–16…”