Factors associated with low birth weight in a historical series of deliveries in Campinas, Brazil

Abstract

SummaryObjective. To identify the risk factors associated with low birth weight (<2500 grams). MethOds. Unmatched case-control study performed in a tertiary maternity hospital in Campinas, Brazil, involving 43,499 liveborn infants delivered in the institution between 1986 and 2004. Analysis of the database containing information on deliveries of women who gave birth to infants with low (6,477 cases) and normal (37,467) birth weight were performed. Factors associated with low birth weight were identified according to the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) in the bivariate analysis and according to the adjusted OR in the multivariate analysis. Sociodemographic characteristics, reproductive history, previous morbidity and factors related to current prenatal care were studied. Results. Extremes of reproductive age, poor education, low maternal weight, smoking beyond the fourth month of pregnancy, previous cesarean section, interdelivery interval ≤24 months and ≥37 months, maternal history of hypertension, cardiopathy and premature delivery, few (≤5) prenatal visits and beginning prenatal care late in pregnancy (after the 3rd month), premature rupture of membranes, increased blood pressure, infectious diseases and hemorrhages during current pregnancy were all associated with low birth weight. Maternal obesity and being a primipara were found to be protective factors. cOnclusiOn. These results confirm the findings of previous studies. The detection and prenatal management of modifiable factors, counseling, pre-conception intervention, adequate prenatal care and the implementation of primary and secondary prevention of maternal morbidity should be a target for all obstetrician as a potential source for reducing the incidence of low birth weight.

Low Birth Weight in Neonates of Iran 2015

“…The number of LBW neonate in male, female and ambiguous was 50,569, 55,972 and 386 also the percentage of LBW births in male, female and ambiguous was 6.5, 7.7 and 53.9 respectively. The total incidence of LBW in the present study is substantially lower than that reported in India and Brazil (14.7%) [5] [14], it was close to the incidence rate in New York State, which was 8.2% in 2009 and the nationwide U.S. average, as reported by 246 medical centers throughout the country 2005 (3.8% -10.6%) [3] [15].…”

Correlação entre peso fetal estimado por ultrassonografia e peso neonatal

“…Se os países da América Latina tivessem uma prevalência de restrição do crescimento fetal (RCF) similar à dos desenvolvidos, milhares de mortes infantis seriam evitadas por ano 2 . Além da prematuridade e da RCF, os estudos têm identificado também, como fatores determinantes do baixo peso fetal, a desnutrição materna, idade materna avançada, antecedentes de baixo peso e parto prematuro, baixo nível de escolaridade, nuliparidade, tabagismo e acompanhamento pré-natal insuficiente 3 .…”

A experiência de ser mãe pela primeira vez após os 35 anos

“…18 Sabe-se que a gestação em mulheres com 35 anos ou mais está associada ao risco aumentado para complicações maternas (maior ganho de peso, obesidade, diabetes mellitus, hipertensão arterial crônica, pré-eclâmpsia e miomas) e fetais e do RN (anormalidades cromossômicas e abortamentos espontâneos, mecônio intraparto, baixo peso ao nascer, restrição do crescimento fetal, macrossomia, sofrimento fetal, necessidade de internação em unidade de terapia intensiva e óbito neonatal). 6,19 Idade avançada, sobrepeso e ganho ponderal excessivo na gravidez são aspectos que influenciam os resultados obstétricos e, portanto, merecem atenção dos profissionais de saúde, no sentido de contribuírem para a redução da morbimortalidade materna e perinatal, bem como para a melhoria das condições do nascimento. Os fatores de risco precisam ser compreendidos e considerados, com vistas a melhorar o resultado da gravidez, além de prevenir a síndrome hipertensiva e o diabetes gestacional.…”