Factors Associated with Non-Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among Adults living with HIV/AIDS in Arsi Zone, Oromia

Dibaba, Bekele; Hussein, Mohammed A.

doi:10.4172/2155-6113.1000647

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…The association between alcohol intake and adherence has been documented in previous studies35. In contrast to our present findings, drinking alcohol was not associated with non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy in a study carried out in Ethiopia36. This inconsistency could represent socio-cultural differences in the two different study settings.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 92%

Rates and predictors of adherence and retention for antiretroviral therapy among HIV-positive adults in Enugu, Nigeria

2019

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BackgroundHIV infection and AIDS are majorpublic health challenges in Nigeria, a country with one of the highest rates of new infection in sub-Saharan Africa and the second largest HIV epidemic in the world.Non-adherence to medication and defaulting from treatment are the two major challenges faced by anti-retroviral therapy (ART) programs in resource-constrained settings. This study was undertaken to determine the rate and predictors of adherence to medication and retention among people living with HIVin Enugu State, Nigeria.MethodsThis was a cross-sectionalretrospective study conducted among adults living with HIV(PLHIV) receiving ARTs in eightcomprehensive health facilities in Enugu, Nigeria. We used self-reported adherence and recorded clinic visits to assess adherence and retention, respectively. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, proportions, mean and standard deviation) and regression analysis were then conducted to identify the association between adherence, retention and demographic and health-related factors. ResultsThe mean age of respondents was 38.5±9.8 years. Predictors of good adherence to medication includedbeing male(adjusted odds ratio [AOR]:2.08; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.12–3.85), having been on anti-retroviral medications for more than 5 years (AOR:1.92; 95% CI: 1.17–3.16), the non-consumption of alcohol(AOR: 3.67; 95% CI: 2.01–6.70),not usingtraditional medicine (AOR: 2.76; 95% CI:1.33–5.73) and having a baseline CD4count exceeding 500 cells/μl (AOR: 5.67; 95% CI: 1.32–24.32).Adequate retention was predicted by being resident in the urban area (AOR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.17–3.06). Being away from home (41.8%) and forgetfulness (35.0%) were reported as the major reasons for missing medication.ConclusionThe rates of adherence and retention found in this study were similar to those reported forother resource-limited settings. Health education and behavioural modification interventions should be intensified to reduce the consumption of alcohol and the use of traditional medicine by people living with HIV. Identifying other factors may help to design effective strategies to ensure that people living with HIV adhere to their medications and remain in care.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 92%

Rates and predictors of adherence and retention for antiretroviral therapy among HIV-positive adults in Enugu, Nigeria

2019

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“…The possible reasons might be indirectly related to educational status, being busy at work, and being worried about having no work. This finding is also supported by different studies [23, 31]. Study participants who could not read and write and who were learning in primary schools were more likely to use nonadherence as coping strategy for adverse effect than those who were above 12 th grade.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…This is in line with a study done in Nigeria, which found that those who accessed the health institution far away from their home were found to be nonadherent [32]. This is inconsistent with study done in Arsi zone [23]. These variations might be because distance was categorized as those who were in the town Gondar (20 km) and outside Gondar town (>20 km) transport problem and cost for transport, but in Arsi those in walking (5 km) and beyond 5 km.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

“…Study participants who were merchants, farmers, and daily laborers and those who had no work used nonadherence as a coping strategy more likely than those who were government employees [29]. This is inconsistent with study in Arsi zone, Oromia, where employment was associated with nonadherence [23]. The possible reasons might be indirectly related to educational status, being busy at work, and being worried about having no work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence-based research that evaluates how often patients use different coping strategies to counteract the adverse effects of ART in developing countries such as Ethiopia is scanty [22]. Thus, there should be a continuing need to routinely assess coping strategies and their contributing factors for patients with HIV in health facilities [8, 23]. This is particularly imperative in resource-limited countries, with the predominance of economic instability and inadequate follow-up that might contribute to the incidence of poor medication adherence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coping Strategies for Adverse Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy among Adult HIV Patients Attending University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Gelaw

Adugna

Tsegaye

et al. 2018

AIDS Research and Treatment

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Background Adverse effects from antiretroviral therapy (ART) have an impact on quality of life and medication adherence. There is no clear understanding of how people manage the adverse effects of ART. The individual taking medications which cause serious adverse effects may choose to stop or reduce the medications to relieve the adverse effects. Hence, this study was aimed at assessing coping strategies for adverse effects of ART among adult human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at HIV clinic of University of Gondar Referral Hospital (UoGRH). A total of 394 study participants were recruited by systematic random sampling. Data were collected through interviewing patients. Data were entered to Epi-Info 3.5.4 and analyzed using SPSS-20.0. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient's sociodemographic data and the adverse effects of their ART regimen. Binary and multivariate logistic regressions were used to investigate the potential predictors of nonadherence coping strategies. Results The majorities of study participants were females (66%) and aged between 35 and 44 years (38.1%). The major adverse effects reported by the participants were headache (48.2%) followed by fatigability (18%) and loss of appetite (17.5%). Coping strategies used by HIV patients for adverse effect of ART were positive emotion coping strategy (91.1%), social support seeking (76.6%), taking other medications (76.6%), information seeking (48.7%), and nonadherence (35.5%). Younger age (AOR = 29.54, 95% CI = 2.49–35.25, p = 0.007), low level of education (AOR = 5.70, 95% CI = 2.16-15.05, p < 0.001), and living far from the health institution (AOR = 2.68, 95% CI = 1.29–5.57, p = 0.008) were associated with nonadherence coping strategy to relieve the adverse effects of ART. Conclusion The present study revealed that positive emotion coping was the most commonly used strategy. Age, level of education, and distance from health institution were the predictors of nonadherence coping strategy.

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<p>Adherence to Combined Antiretroviral Therapy and Associated Factors Among People Living with HIV Attending Nekemte Specialized Hospital, Oromia, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study</p>

Ejigu¹,

Waktole

Mulatu

et al. 2020

HIV

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Background: For people living with HIV, to have sustainable viral suppression and better clinical outcomes, they should have a high level of adherence to antiretroviral therapy. In the treatment of human immune deficiency, antiretroviral therapy adherence became the major challenge in both developed and developing countries. The level of antiretroviral therapy differs across the settings. This study aimed to assess the level of combined ARTadherence and associated factors among adult people living with HIV attending Nekemte Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Methods: The institution-based cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted from August 2017 to September 2017. A total number of 284 clients participated in the study and a simple random sampling technique was used to allocate study participants. Data were entered into Excel and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Bivariate analysis was conducted to identify candidate variables for multivariate analysis at p-value <0.2. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the predictors of non-adherence to ART. P-value <0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: About 81% of the study participants adhered to combined anti-retroviral therapy. Mentioned reasons for missing ART medications were simply forgot to take medication (44.4%), lack of transportation (21%), to avoid side effects (11.4%), do not want significant others to notice taking medication (11.4%) and felt sick (11.4%). Not using reminder (AOR=4.98 (1.65, 15.02)), poor knowledge on ART (AOR=2.79 (1.49, 5.25)), and engaging in unprotected sexual intercourse (AOR=2.16 (1.15, 4.05)) were significantly associated with non-adherence to combined ART. Conclusion: About 81% of study participants adhered to combined ART, and poor knowledge about ART, engaging in unprotected sexual intercourse and not using the reminder were significantly associated with nonadherence to combined ART. Efforts to increase adherence levels should be encouraged.

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Factors Associated with Non-Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among Adults living with HIV/AIDS in Arsi Zone, Oromia

Cited by 5 publications

References 36 publications

Rates and predictors of adherence and retention for antiretroviral therapy among HIV-positive adults in Enugu, Nigeria

Rates and predictors of adherence and retention for antiretroviral therapy among HIV-positive adults in Enugu, Nigeria

Coping Strategies for Adverse Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy among Adult HIV Patients Attending University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

<p>Adherence to Combined Antiretroviral Therapy and Associated Factors Among People Living with HIV Attending Nekemte Specialized Hospital, Oromia, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study</p>

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