Factors Associated With the Decay of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1 IgG Antibodies Among Recipients of an Adenoviral Vector-Based AZD1222 and a Whole-Virion Inactivated BBV152 Vaccine

Abstract

BackgroundThe magnitude of protection conferred following recovery from COVID-19 or by vaccine administration, and the duration of protective immunity developed, remains ambiguous.MethodsWe investigated the factors associated with anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1 IgG decay in 519 individuals who recovered from COVID-19 illness or received COVID-19 vaccination with two commercial vaccines, viz., an adenoviral vector-based (AZD1222) and a whole-virion-based inactivated (BBV152) vaccine in Chennai, India from March to December 2021. Blood samples collected during regular follow-up post-infection/-vaccination were examined for anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1 IgG by a commercial automated chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA).ResultsAge and underlying comorbidities were the two variables that were independently associated with the development of a breakthrough infection. Individuals who were >60 years of age with underlying comorbid conditions (viz., hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease) had a ~15 times and ~10 times greater odds for developing a breakthrough infection and hospitalization, respectively. The time elapsed since the first booster dose was associated with attrition in anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, where each month passed was associated with an ebb in the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels by a coefficient of −6 units.ConclusionsOur findings advocate that the elderly with underlying comorbidities be administered with appropriate number of booster doses with AZD1222 and BBV152 against COVID-19.

Comparison of the kinetics and magnitude of antibody responses to different SARS-CoV-2 proteins in Sinopharm/BBIBP-CorV vaccinees following the BNT162b2 booster or natural infection

“…Among vaccinees, people above 60 years with comorbid conditions were reportedly had higher natural infection and hospitalization rates i.e. about 15 times and 10 times respectively due to rapid decay of antibodies [ 4 ]. Although the African continent has very low vaccination rates, the mortality rates have remained lower than other continents, during the two years of the COVID-19 pandemic [ 2 ].…”

Genomic surveillance of omicron B.1.1.529 SARS‐CoV‐2 and its variants between December 2021 and March 2023 in Tamil Nadu, India—A state‐wide prospective longitudinal study

“…Hence, a comprehensive examination of SARS‐CoV‐2 evolution would reveal its progression through distinct phases 34 . Studies report that adaptive pressure or global vaccination strategies have intensified the selective forces acting on the structural and functional attributes, which have resulted in the contemporary emergence of convergent mutations that would compromise the host's ability to recognize the antigenic determinants of virus variants 35 …”

“…We observed seven variations with various divergences in the BA lineage in the S protein sequences. This offers an opportunity to understand the emergence of new variants by altering their structural characteristics 35 . The detection of conserved uncommon mutations in one variant suggests that some subvariants may be circulating in the population.…”

“…This offers an opportunity to understand the emergence of new variants by altering their structural characteristics. 35 The detection of conserved uncommon mutations in one variant suggests that some subvariants may be circulating in the population. We also found a unique mutation in BM.4.1.1 that was not observed in other variants.…”

CD4+ and CD8+ T cell and antibody correlates of protection against Delta vaccine breakthrough infection: A nested case-control study within the PITCH study

“…This approach using the timing of infection to indicate which variant is likely the cause of infection is in line with approaches used in other studies (Collie et al, 2022). (iii) Our study was not designed to explore specific co-morbidities, particularly immunosuppression, as risk factors for breakthrough infection (Green et al, 2022; Selvavinayagam et al, 2022). This is addressed in the subsequent VIBRANT study (https://vibrant-research-study.org/).…”