Factors Associated with the Severity of Clinical Mastitis

Fredebeul-Krein, Frederik; Schmenger, Anne; Wente, Nicole; Zhang, Yanchao; Krömker, Volker

doi:10.3390/pathogens11101089

Cited by 22 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Thus, the immunological competence of lactating and dry cows might decrease when they are subjected to heat stress. This may have a detrimental impact on udder health [ 43 ]. A cow’s immune system might be suppressed for an extended length of time throughout the productive years of its life, which may negatively affect how cows react to being exposed to pathogens [ 44 , 45 ].…”

Section: Impact Of Heat Stress On Udder Health Livestock Production A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Udder Health Monitoring for Prevention of Bovine Mastitis and Improvement of Milk Quality

Neculai-Văleanu¹,

Ariton²

2022

Bioengineering

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To maximize milk production, efficiency, and profits, modern dairy cows are genetically selected and bred to produce more and more milk and are fed copious quantities of high-energy feed to support ever-increasing milk volumes. As demands for increased milk yield and milking efficiency continue to rise to provide for the growing world population, more significant stress is placed on the dairy cow’s productive capacity. In this climate, which is becoming increasingly hotter, millions of people depend on the capacity of cattle to respond to new environments and to cope with temperature shocks as well as additional stress factors such as solar radiation, animal crowding, insect pests, and poor ventilation, which are often associated with an increased risk of mastitis, resulting in lower milk quality and reduced production. This article reviews the impact of heat stress on milk production and quality and emphasizes the importance of udder health monitoring, with a focus on the use of emergent methods for monitoring udder health, such as infrared thermography, biosensors, and lab-on-chip devices, which may promote animal health and welfare, as well as the quality and safety of dairy products, without hindering the technological flow, while providing significant benefits to farmers, manufacturers, and consumers.

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Section: Impact Of Heat Stress On Udder Health Livestock Production A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Udder Health Monitoring for Prevention of Bovine Mastitis and Improvement of Milk Quality

Neculai-Văleanu¹,

Ariton²

2022

Bioengineering

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“…Clinical mastitis (CM) is udder inflammation characterized by visible abnormalities in the milk or in the mammary gland [ 5 ]. According to severity, it can be classified as mild, moderate, or severe [ 5 , 6 ]. Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is the most prevalent form of mastitis, occurring more often and persisting for longer than CM [ 3 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogens Associated with Bovine Mastitis: The Experience of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Rifatbegović,

Nicholas,

Mutevelić

et al. 2024

Veterinary Sciences

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To obtain improved insights into the complex microbial aetiology of bovine mastitis, this study investigated the pathogens involved in cattle mastitis in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A total of 179 milk samples from cows with clinical mastitis (CM) and subclinical mastitis (SCM), as well as eight bulk tank milk (BTM) samples from 48 dairy farms, were analysed by standard bacteriological and mycological methods. Mycoplasma detection and identification were performed using culture techniques and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 88 (49.2%) mastitis samples were positive for known mastitis pathogens at 32 of 47 farms (68.1%). Mycoplasma bovis was a predominant pathogen (25/187; 13.4%) in the majority of herds (14/48; 29.2%) and accounted for 48.9% of positive CM samples. Escherichia coli was the second most dominant CM pathogen (34%), followed by Streptococcus agalactiae (10.6%), whereas Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most common in SCM samples (17.1%). Other mastitis pathogens included Candida spp. and Prototheca zopfii. Two BTM samples were positive for M. bovis only, and one was positive for a mixed culture of S. aureus and Streptococcus uberis. The finding of various causative agents of bovine mastitis, with M. bovis emerging as the main pathogen, emphasizes the significance of comprehensive testing that includes not only common mastitis pathogens but also mycoplasmas, fungi, and algae.

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“…In addition to NEB-related factors, other metabolic disorders like ketosis and hypocalcemia indirectly contribute to mastitis in dairy cattle ( 18 – 20 ). Hypocalcemia prompts cows to spend more time lying down, resulting in teat exposure to physical injury and facilitating pathogen entry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing bovine immune, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses with vitamins, rumen-protected amino acids, and trace minerals to prevent periparturient mastitis

Khan,

Huang,

Kou

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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Mastitis, the inflammatory condition of mammary glands, has been closely associated with immune suppression and imbalances between antioxidants and free radicals in cattle. During the periparturient period, dairy cows experience negative energy balance (NEB) due to metabolic stress, leading to elevated oxidative stress and compromised immunity. The resulting abnormal regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), along with increased non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) are the key factors associated with suppressed immunity thereby increases susceptibility of dairy cattle to infections, including mastitis. Metabolic diseases such as ketosis and hypocalcemia indirectly contribute to mastitis vulnerability, exacerbated by compromised immune function and exposure to physical injuries. Oxidative stress, arising from disrupted balance between ROS generation and antioxidant availability during pregnancy and calving, further contributes to mastitis susceptibility. Metabolic stress, marked by excessive lipid mobilization, exacerbates immune depression and oxidative stress. These factors collectively compromise animal health, productive efficiency, and udder health during periparturient phases. Numerous studies have investigated nutrition-based strategies to counter these challenges. Specifically, amino acids, trace minerals, and vitamins have emerged as crucial contributors to udder health. This review comprehensively examines their roles in promoting udder health during the periparturient phase. Trace minerals like copper, selenium, and calcium, as well as vitamins; have demonstrated significant impacts on immune regulation and antioxidant defense. Vitamin B12 and vitamin E have shown promise in improving metabolic function and reducing oxidative stress followed by enhanced immunity. Additionally, amino acids play a pivotal role in maintaining cellular oxidative balance through their involvement in vital biosynthesis pathways. In conclusion, addressing periparturient mastitis requires a holistic understanding of the interplay between metabolic stress, immune regulation, and oxidative balance. The supplementation of essential amino acids, trace minerals, and vitamins emerges as a promising avenue to enhance udder health and overall productivity during this critical phase. This comprehensive review underscores the potential of nutritional interventions in mitigating periparturient bovine mastitis and lays the foundation for future research in this domain.

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Factors Associated with the Severity of Clinical Mastitis

Cited by 22 publications

References 40 publications

Udder Health Monitoring for Prevention of Bovine Mastitis and Improvement of Milk Quality

Udder Health Monitoring for Prevention of Bovine Mastitis and Improvement of Milk Quality

Pathogens Associated with Bovine Mastitis: The Experience of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Enhancing bovine immune, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses with vitamins, rumen-protected amino acids, and trace minerals to prevent periparturient mastitis

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