Factors Associated with Vagal Tone Responses in Preterm Infants

Harrison, Lynda Law; Williams, Anita Kay; Leeper, James D.; Stem, John T.; Wang, Lei; Medves, Jennifer

doi:10.1177/01939450022044755

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Therefore, this study examined the relationship between vagal tone and the other variables of premature infants. Because previous research (Porges, 1983; Harrison et al . 2000) has indicated that characteristics of infants at birth correlate positively with resting vagal tone, the Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated for characteristics of infants at birth and vagal tone during pre‐bathing on the first day of this study.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…(1991) found that heart period and vagal tone increased during sensory testing and decreased during cognitive testing, with 24 normal infants and 11 regulatory disorder infants (who exhibit fidgeting, irritability, poor self‐calming, intolerance to change, and a hyper‐alert state of arousal) aged from 8 to 11 months. Harrison et al . (2000) reported that there was no difference in vagal tone during baseline, touch and post‐touch for 32 premature infants who received a 10‐min gentle human touch.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

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Effects of sponge bathing on vagal tone and behavioural responses in premature infants

Lee

2002

Journal of Clinical Nursing

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of sponge bathing on physiological (vagal tone, heart rate, heart period, oxygen saturation) and behavioural responses in newly born premature infants in the intensive care unit of a university hospital in South Korea. A convenience sample was taken of 40 infants who were between 27 and 36 weeks gestational age at birth and free of congenital defects. The infants' physiological parameters were recorded 10 min before, during and after bathing. To determine behavioural status, tools were modified from the instruments used in a previous study by Scafidi et al. (1990). Analysis of the results showed that the premature infants reacted to sponge bathing with decreases in vagal tone and heart period and increases in heart rate. Oxygen saturation did not demonstrate any remarkable alteration during bathing. Also, there were no significant differences in behavioural signs, motor activity and behavioural distress. Results of this study indicated that nurses in a neonatal intensive care unit should decide according to a premature infant's physiological state whether or not to give a sponge bath.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Effects of sponge bathing on vagal tone and behavioural responses in premature infants

Lee

2002

Journal of Clinical Nursing

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“…In a study using moderate pressure massage, vagal activity increased (Lee, 2007), while, in another study using light pressure stimulation, no changes were noted in vagal activity or weight gain (Harrison, Williams, Leeper, Stem & Wang, 2000). These findings highlight the critical importance of moderate pressure for attaining these effects.…”

Section: Vagal Activity and Gastric Motilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential underlying mechanisms for greater weight gain in massaged preterm infants

Field

Diego

Hernandez‐Reif

2011

Infant Behavior and Development

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In this paper, potential underlying mechanisms for massage therapy effects on preterm infant weight gain are reviewed. Path analyses are presented suggesting that: 1) increased vagal activity was associated with 2) increased gastric motility, which, in turn, was related to 3) greater weight gain; and 4) increased IGF-1 was related to greater weight gain. The change in vagal activity during the massage explained 49% of the variance in the change in gastric activity. And, the change in vagal activity during the massage explained 62% of the variance in the change in insulin. That the change in gastric activity was not related to the change in insulin suggests two parallel pathways via which massage therapy leads to increased weight gain: 1) insulin release via the celiac branch of the vagus; and 2) increased gastric activity via the gastric branch of the vagus. Preterm Infant Massage Therapy StudiesRandomized, controlled studies have consistently documented greater weight gain in preterm neonates receiving massage therapy (also known as tactile/kinesthetic stimulation) (See Field, Hernandez-Reif, Diego, Feijo, Vera, & Gil, K. 2004 for a review). Preterm neonates receiving 5 to 10 days of massage therapy exhibited a 28% to 47% greater increase in weight gain during the study period, and they were hospitalized for 3 to 6 days less (than control neonates receiving standard care) at a substantial reduction in hospital costs (Diego, Field, & Hernandez-Reif, 2005; Field, Schanberg, Scafidi, Bauer, Vega-Lahr, Garcia, Nystrom, & Kuhn ,1986; Goldstein-Ferber, 2004; Scafidi, Field, Schanberg, Bauer, Tucci et al., 1990). In addition, massaged preterm neonates showed more mature motor behavior, more stable state organization, and had fewer abnormal reflexes on the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (Field, Diego, Hernandez-Reif, Deeds, Figuereido, Ascencio, 2006). Calorie Consumption and SleepThe question of how massage therapy facilitates weight gain in preterm neonates remains unanswered. One hypothesis was that massage leads to greater consumption of calories.© 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Correspondence and requests for reprints should be sent to Tiffany Field, Ph.D., Touch Research Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, PO Box 016820, Miami Florida, 33101. Business phone number (305)243-6781. tfield@med.miami.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public AccessAuthor Manuscript Infant Behav Dev. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2012 June 1. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptHowe...

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“…The PNS and SNS are neural systems that originate in the brainstem and contribute to the regulation of organs and systems such as the heart, lungs, salivary glands, adrenal glands, eyes and lacrimal glands, sweat glands, blood vessels, digestive system, and renal system. 9,17 The low-frequency band (Ͻ0.2 Hz) is primarily influenced by the SNS, and to a lesser extent by the PNS, and indicates the response to external challenges. The SNS promotes increased metabolic output to help the body deal with external challenges.…”

Section: Box 2 Physiologic Indicators Of Relaxation Response: Heart mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial Examining the Safety and Efficacy of Therapeutic Touch in Premature Infants

Whitley

Rich²

2008

Advances in Neonatal Care

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Factors Associated with Vagal Tone Responses in Preterm Infants

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

Effects of sponge bathing on vagal tone and behavioural responses in premature infants

Effects of sponge bathing on vagal tone and behavioural responses in premature infants

Potential underlying mechanisms for greater weight gain in massaged preterm infants

A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial Examining the Safety and Efficacy of Therapeutic Touch in Premature Infants

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