Factors Conditioning the Potential Effects TiO2 NPs Exposure on Human Microbiota: a Mini-Review

Baranowska‐Wójcik, Ewa

doi:10.1007/s12011-021-02578-5

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In May 2021, the Panel of EFSA concluded that E171 can no longer be considered safe when used as a food additive [116]. TiO 2 nanoparticles (NPs) were present in different kinds of products such as sauces, cheeses, skimmed milk, ice-cream, coating for sweets, and chewing gum [117]. Increased consumption of TiO 2 NPs can negatively impact the human microbiome [118].…”

Section: Food Colorants Gut Microbiota and Ibdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Additives, a Key Environmental Factor in the Development of IBD through Gut Dysbiosis

et al. 2022

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Diet is a key environmental factor in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and, at the same time, represents one of the most promising therapies for IBD. Our daily diet often contains food additives present in numerous processed foods and even in dietary supplements. Recently, researchers and national authorities have been paying much attention to their toxicity and effects on gut microbiota and health. This review aims to gather the latest data focusing on the potential role of food additives in the pathogenesis of IBDs through gut microbiota modulation. Some artificial emulsifiers and sweeteners can induce the dysbiosis associated with an alteration of the intestinal barrier, an activation of chronic inflammation, and abnormal immune response accelerating the onset of IBD. Even if most of these results are retrieved from in vivo and in vitro studies, many artificial food additives can represent a potential hidden driver of gut chronic inflammation through gut microbiota alterations, especially in a population with IBD predisposition. In this context, pending the confirmation of these results by large human studies, it would be advisable that IBD patients avoid the consumption of processed food containing artificial food additives and follow a personalized nutritional therapy prescribed by a clinical nutritionist.

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Section: Food Colorants Gut Microbiota and Ibdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Additives, a Key Environmental Factor in the Development of IBD through Gut Dysbiosis

et al. 2022

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“…Available data suggest that TiO 2 NPs may influence microbiota, disturb digestion and absorption of food components causing problems such as inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, or deficiencies of macro- and microelements in the body. Indeed, there are increasing concerns that its presence may lead to intestinal barrier impairment, including dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota [ 43 , 56 ]. Studies concerning toxicity after oral administration to rats show no obvious signs of acute toxicity [ 41 , 43 ].…”

Section: Tio 2 Nps Hazard For Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the same time, there have been studies that revealed a limited influence of TiO 2 NPs on human microbiota. Currently available reports therefore provide contradictory evidence in terms of the impact of TiO 2 NPs on human microbiota due to the application of varying experimental models and frameworks [ 56 ].…”

Section: Tio 2 Nps Hazard For Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

TiO2 Nanoparticles and Their Effects on Eukaryotic Cells: A Double-Edged Sword

Gojznikar

Zdravković

Vidak

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Nanoparticulate TiO2 (TiO2 NPs) is a widely used material, whose potential toxicity towards eukaryotic cells has been addressed by multiple studies. TiO2 NPs are considered toxic due to their production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can, among others, lead to cellular damage, inflammatory responses, and differences in gene expression. TiO2 NPs exhibited toxicity in multiple organs in animals, generating potential health risks also in humans, such as developing tumors or progress of preexisting cancer processes. On the other hand, the capability of TiO2 NPs to induce cell death has found application in photodynamic therapy of cancers. In aquatic environments, much has been done in understanding the impact of TiO2 on bivalves, in which an effect on hemocytes, among others, is reported. Adversities are also reported from other aquatic organisms, including primary producers. These are affected also on land and though some potential benefit might exist when it comes to agricultural plants, TiO2 can also lead to cellular damage and should be considered when it comes to transfer along the food chain towards human consumers. In general, much work still needs to be done to unravel the delicate balance between beneficial and detrimental effects of TiO2 NPs on eukaryotic cells.

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“…are consumed per day in the USA and Great Britain, respectively. However, due to their lower body weight and the higher consumption of sweets, children under 10 years of Foods 2021, 10, 2 of 12 age may ingest from 1-2 mg to 2-3 mg TiO 2 /kg per day in the USA and Great Britain, respectively [2,8]. In turn, 0.5-0.7 mg TiO 2 /kg b.w./day [9] and 0.2-0.4 mg TiO 2 /kg b.w./day are consumed in the Netherlands and Europe, respectively [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four Types of TiO2 Reduced the Growth of Selected Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains

Baranowska‐Wójcik

Gustaw

Szwajgier

et al. 2021

Foods

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Food-grade titanium dioxide (TiO2) containing a nanoparticle fraction (TiO2 NPs -nanoparticles) is widely used as a food additive (E171 in the EU). In recent years, it has increasingly been raising controversies as to the presence or absence of its harmful effects on the gastrointestinal microbiota. The complexity and variability of microbiota species present in the human gastrointestinal tract impede the assessment of the impact of food additives on this ecosystem. As unicellular organisms, bacteria are a very convenient research model for investigation of the toxicity of nanoparticles. We examined the effect of TiO2 (three types of food-grade E171 and one TiO2 NPs, 21 nm) on the growth of 17 strains of lactic acid bacteria colonizing the human digestive tract. Each bacterial strain was treated with TiO2 at four concentrations (60, 150, 300, and 600 mg/L TiO2). The differences in the growth of the individual strains were caused by the type and concentration of TiO2. It was shown that the growth of a majority of the analyzed strains was decreased by the application of E171 and TiO2 NPs already at the concentration of 150 and 300 mg/L. At the highest dose (600 mg/L) of the nanoparticles, the reactions of the bacteria to the different TiO2 types used in the experiment varied.

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Factors Conditioning the Potential Effects TiO2 NPs Exposure on Human Microbiota: a Mini-Review

Cited by 18 publications

References 61 publications

Food Additives, a Key Environmental Factor in the Development of IBD through Gut Dysbiosis

Food Additives, a Key Environmental Factor in the Development of IBD through Gut Dysbiosis

TiO2 Nanoparticles and Their Effects on Eukaryotic Cells: A Double-Edged Sword

Four Types of TiO2 Reduced the Growth of Selected Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains

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