Factors Contributing to Dysphemistic Effect Types of Dysphemism

Abstract

This paper examines ways to divide dysphemisms into groups. It argues that there is need to take into account several factors common for communicative situations in which dysphemisms are used. Research shows that they are the speaker, the referent, the intention of the speaker, language resources. According to language recourses used to achieve dysphemistic effect words and phrases are divided into those that have contextual or dictionary dysphemistic meaning. They fall into two groups according to animate or inanimate referent. Two other factors are pragmatic. They influence the use of dysphemism in different groups determining their characteristics in a particular communicative situation.

Exploring Controversial Issues: Discursive Devices in Duterte’s Speeches

“…Dysphemism constitutes insults in a positive tone which contrasts with typical conceptual dysphemistic uses (Gomez, 2012) [13]. The study's findings support Prokhorova, Chekulai, Pupynina & Bekh's claim (2019) [14] that the speaker chooses explicitly dysphemisms instead of neutral expressions to achieve a particular effect. The use of dysphemism helps President Duterte show his emotional state of character, express his attitudes and values, and even ridicule religion and everything associated with it.…”