Factors contributing to elevated concentrations of PM 2.5 during wintertime near Boise, Idaho

Mwaniki, George; Rosenkrance, Chelsea; Wallace, Henry W.; Jobson, B. T.; Erickson, M.; Lamb, Brian; Hardy, R.; Žalakevičiūtė, Rasa; VanReken, T. M.

doi:10.5094/apr.2014.012

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Zhang et al (2014) also found that PM concentrations in central China have a clear link with long-range transport. A recent study in the USA by Mwaniki et al (2014) showed nitrate to have a large variation in winter time, contributing substantially to elevated PM events.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of long-range transport and domestic emissions in determining atmospheric secondary inorganic particle concentrations across the UK

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Surface concentrations of secondary inorganic particle components over the UK have been analysed for 2001-2010 using the EMEP4UK regional atmospheric chemistry transport model and evaluated against measurements. Gas/particle partitioning in the EMEP4UK model simulations used a bulk approach, which may lead to uncertainties in simulated secondary inorganic aerosol. However, model simulations were able to accurately represent both the long-term decadal surface concentrations of particle sulfate and nitrate and an episode in early 2003 of substantially elevated nitrate measured across the UK by the AGANet network. The latter was identified as consisting of three separate episodes, each of less than 1 month duration, in February, March and April. The primary cause of the elevated nitrate levels across the UK was meteorological: a persistent high-pressure system, whose varying location impacted the relative importance of transboundary versus domestic emissions. Whilst long-range transport dominated the elevated nitrate in February, in contrast it was domestic emissions that mainly contributed to the March episode, and for the April episode both domestic emissions and long-range transport contributed. A prolonged episode such as the one in early 2003 can have substantial impact on annual average concentrations. The episode led to annual concentration differences at the regional scale of similar magnitude to those driven by long-term changes in precursor emissions over the full decade investigated here. The results demonstrate that a substantial part of the UK, particularly the south and southeast, may be close to or exceeding annual mean limit values because of import of inorganic aerosol components from continental Europe under specific conditions. The results reinforce the importance of employing multiple year simulations in the assessment of emissions reduction scenarios on particulate matter concentrations and the need for international agreements to address the transboundary component of air pollution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of long-range transport and domestic emissions in determining atmospheric secondary inorganic particle concentrations across the UK

et al. 2014

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“…The aerosol inlet was a 15 mm internal diameter copper tube; a vacuum pump pulled a sample flow of 30 L min À1 through this inlet into the climate-controlled MACL. Once inside, the sample flow was split among the several aerosol instruments, including a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) (Mwaniki et al, 2014), a particle-into-liquid sampler (PILS) (Orsini et al, 2003;Sullivan et al, 2004), and a cloud condensation nuclei counter (CCNc) (Roberts and Nenes, 2005). Descriptions of these measurements are included in the supplementary material.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of air mass origin on aerosol properties at a remote Michigan forest site

VanReken

Mwaniki

Wallace

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Environment

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“…SOA microphysical properties were measured with a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS, custom built with major components from TSI, Inc.) described previously by Faiola et al (2014b) and Mwaniki et al (2014). Aerosol mass spectra were continuously measured using a high resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-AMS, Aerodyne Research, Inc.) described in detail elsewhere (Canagaratna et al, 2007;De-Carlo et al, 2006).…”

Section: Analytical Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical characterization of biogenic SOA generated from plant emissions under baseline and stressed conditions: inter- and intra-species variability for six coniferous species

Faiola¹,

Wen²,

VanReken³

2014

Preprint

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Abstract. The largest global source of secondary organic aerosol in the atmosphere is derived from the oxidation of biogenic emissions. Plant stressors associated with a changing environment can alter both the quantity and composition of the compounds that are emitted. Alterations to the biogenic VOC profile could impact the characteristics of the SOA formed from those emissions. This study investigated the impacts of one global change stressor, increased herbivory, on the composition of SOA derived from real plant emissions. Herbivory was simulated via application of methyl jasmonate, a proxy compound. Experiments were repeated under pre- and post-treatment conditions for six different coniferous plant types. VOCs emitted from the plants were oxidized to form SOA via dark ozone-initiated chemistry. The SOA particle size distribution and chemical composition were measured using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-AMS), respectively. The aerosol mass spectra of pre-treatment biogenic SOA from all plant types tended to be similar with correlations usually greater than or equal to 0.90. The presence of a stressor produced characteristic differences in the SOA mass spectra. Specifically, the following m/z were identified as a possible biogenic stress AMS marker with the corresponding HR ion(s) shown in parentheses: m/z 31 (CH3O+), m/z 58 (C2H2O2+, C3H6O+) m/z 29 (C2H5+), m/z 57 (C3H5O+), m/z 59 (C2H3O2+, C3H7O+), m/z 71 (C3H3O2+, C4H7O+), and m/z 83 (C5H7O+). The first aerosol mass spectrum of SOA generated from the oxidation of the plant stress hormone, methyl jasmonate, is also presented. Elemental analysis results demonstrated an O:C range of baseline biogenic SOA between 0.3–0.47. The O:C of standard methyl jasmonate SOA was 0.52. Results presented here could be used to help identify a biogenic plant stress marker in ambient datasets collected in forest environments.

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Factors contributing to elevated concentrations of PM 2.5 during wintertime near Boise, Idaho

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

The role of long-range transport and domestic emissions in determining atmospheric secondary inorganic particle concentrations across the UK

The role of long-range transport and domestic emissions in determining atmospheric secondary inorganic particle concentrations across the UK

Influence of air mass origin on aerosol properties at a remote Michigan forest site

Chemical characterization of biogenic SOA generated from plant emissions under baseline and stressed conditions: inter- and intra-species variability for six coniferous species

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