Factors governing the immunosuppressive effects of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in vitro

Abstract

Multipotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are of great interest to researchers because of the unique properties, such as enhanced proliferation, paracrine activity and multilineage differentiation. Their non-immunogenicity, in combination with immunomodulatory properties, opens up the opportunity for the allogeneic application of MSCs. The MSC immunomodulatory capacity is currently being actively studied in vitro using various experimental designs. However, the results are not always univocal. It was found that the outcome of the stromal/immune cell interaction depends on experimental conditions. In this review we considered the impact of different factors, such as the ratio of stromal/immune cells, interaction time, the path of immune cell activation, etc. on the MSC immunomodulation. We also accentuated the importance of local milieu, in particular, oxygen tension, for the realization of MSC immunosuppressive activity.

Donor variability among anti-inflammatory pre-activated mesenchymal stromal cells

“…This disconnect between successful translation of MSC therapy from animal models to clinical applications is likely multifactorial and may include donor variability, which has been observed in functional assessments of MSCs 13–24 . Furthermore, therapeutically exploitable properties of MSCs are not spontaneous or constitutive, but are induced by cues within their microenvironment 4,25,26 . For activation by soluble factors, MSC phenotype is dictated by multiple parameters, including the type of activating molecule, its prevalence/concentration, duration/timing of exposure, and whether it is in combination with another factor(s) 27 .…”

Advances and challenges in umbilical cord blood and tissue bioprocessing: procurement and storage

“…Other clinically useful properties of MSC include the lack of expression of MHC-II (major histocompatibility complex II) and co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86, conferring hypoimmunogenicity. Hence, MSC derived from suitable sources and subjected to appropriate bioprocessing may also be harnessed for 'off-the-shelf ' allogeneic therapeutics [72].…”

Plasticity of mesenchymal stem cells in immunomodulation

“…干细胞临床治疗再生修复方面的实验结果表明 足够剂量的细胞对 MSCs 能否发挥治疗效果起到关 键作用 [65] . MSCs 对免疫细胞的免疫抑制作用具有浓 度依赖性, 有研究表明, 体外共培养实验中最佳的 MSCs/免疫细胞的比例在 1 : 1~1 : 10 时, MSCs 的免疫 抑制效果较好 [66] . 在此浓度范围内, MSC 与免疫细胞 相比所占的比例越高, MSCs 发挥抑制免疫应答的作 用越强.…”