Factors inducing cavity formation in the vascular cylinders of pea roots (Pisum sativum L., cv. Alaska)

Gladish, Daniel K.; Niki, Takeshi

doi:10.1016/s0098-8472(99)00038-6

Cited by 25 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The results also showed that penetration of the barrier by roots allowed only a small increase in the mixing of gases between the two compartments ( Fig. 5C) Gladish and Niki (2000) reported that pea roots in well-aerated, circulating water always make cavities unless the temperature is cool (10°C), and pea roots in warmer (25°C) but slightly moist vermiculite make cavities much less frequently (ca. 25% of the population.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…It was shortly confirmed that many other species of legumes form vascular cavities (VC) similarly . In continuous warm conditions, VC in pea primary roots are relatively narrow (Niki and Gladish 2001), and the frequency of VC occurrence in seedling populations varies 20 to 100%, depending positively on the degree of saturation of the growth medium (Gladish and Niki 2000). There is some circumstantial evidence that large VC induced by sudden flooding in primary roots of pea (Pisum sativum) may serve as a kind of inducible aerenchyma (Niki and Gladish 2001, Gladish et al 2006, Gladish and Niki 2008.…”

Section: O or Ri Ig Gi In Na Al L R Re Es Se Ea Ar Rc Ch H A Ar Rt Timentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cultivation methods were modified after Gladish and Niki (2000). For flooding treatments, tall, heat-and pressure-resistant polypropylene 1 L beakers (8.8 cm diameter at top, 21 cm height) were filled with coarse (2.5-7 mm particle diameter) vermiculite (GL grade, Nittai Corp., Ibaraki, Japan).…”

Section: Cultivation Of Plants For Flooding Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3d+1dA+1dG: seedlings treated as 3d+1dA, then the roots were exposed to a low-oxygen gas mixture (10% O 2 ) for 1 d. Error bar = 1 SD interval (n = 22-25 seeds per beaker or growth tube, seven beakers or growth tubes for all trials). Gladish and Niki (2000), which also used pea (Pisum sativum) primary roots and involved manipulation of the rhizosphere oxygen levels, had as a shortcoming that the shoot systems were exposed to the same atmosphere as the root systems. Since developing cotyledons and epicotyls in darkness are doubtless stressed by hypoxia too, and because it is not known how their response to hypoxia may affect a developing root system, new methods were required to address this problem.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25% of the population. The difference in absolute water potential between our "slightly moist" vermiculite, which suppresses the frequency of VC formation, and vermiculite saturated to "field capacity", which favors frequent VC formation Gladish and Niki 2000) is slight (Tadashi Hirasawa, pers. comm.).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the effects of flooding vs. low-oxygen gas on pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. 'Alaska') primary roots

Niki

Takahashi²,

Gladish

2011

Plant Root

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_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Niki T, Takahashi M, Gladish DK 2011 Comparison of the effects of flooding vs. low-oxygen gas on pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. 'Alaska') primary roots. Abstract: Flooding reduces soil oxygen necessary for root growth. In some mesophytes low levels of oxygen are mitigated by the formation of aerenchyma or expansion of intercellular spaces. But root immersion in water may have effects on roots in addition to reducing oxygen levels. At temperatures >15°C Pisum sativum primary roots develop cavities in the centers of their vascular cylinders in response to saturated or flooded conditions. In the present study we compared the response of flooded pea roots to their response to hypoxia without flooding by using an innovative system that allows separation of the gas environment of a root system from that of its shoot system. Seedlings were flooded after 4 d growth and compared to seedlings in unflooded medium and to seedlings in the gas-manipulation experiment. At 25°C in slightly moist vermiculite, roots 4 d after planting were exposed to a gas mixture with 10.5% oxygen and shoots to 20.5% oxygen and compared to normoxic controls. Oxygen levels in all containers were monitored, root growth was measured, and frequency and size of vascular cavities were determined for all treatments. Under flooding and low-oxygen gas, root growth was suppressed and vascular cavity frequency was strongly enhanced compared to controls. Significant differences in root growth responses were not seen between these differing hypoxic conditions, but low-oxygen gas caused larger cavities than flooding, which suggests flooding with water may have subtle effects different than simple hypoxia.

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: O or Ri Ig Gi In Na Al L R Re Es Se Ea Ar Rc Ch H A Ar Rt Timentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cultivation Of Plants For Flooding Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the effects of flooding vs. low-oxygen gas on pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. 'Alaska') primary roots

Niki

Takahashi²,

Gladish

2011

Plant Root

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Three‐dimensional digital image construction of metaxylem vessels in root tips of Zea mays subsp. mexicana from thin transverse sections

Miki¹,

Saitō²,

Niki³

et al. 2020

Appl Plant Sci

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Premise Young plant roots share a common architecture: a central vascular cylinder surrounded by enveloping cylinders of ground and dermal tissue produced by an apical promeristem. Roots with closed apical organization can be studied to explore how ontogeny is managed. The analysis of transverse and longitudinal sections has been the most useful approach for this, but suffers from limitations. We developed a new method that utilizes digital photography of transverse sections and three‐dimensional (3D) computer virtual reconstructions to overcome the limitations of other techniques. Methods Serial transverse sections of teosinte root tips (Zea mays subsp. mexicana) were used to construct longitudinal images, 3D images, and an animated 3D model. The high‐resolution, high‐contrast, and low‐distortion sectioning method developed previously by the authors enabled high‐quality virtual image construction with the aid of a standard laptop computer. Results The resulting 3D images allowed greater insight into root tissue ontogeny and organization, especially specific cellular structures such as histogen layers, xylem vessels, pericycle, and meristematic initials. Discussion This new method has advantages over confocal laser scanning microscopy and magnetic resonance imaging for visualizing anatomy, and includes a procedure to correct for sectioning distortion. An additional advantage of this method, developed to produce better knowledge about the developmental anatomy of procambium in roots, is its applicability to a wide range of anatomical subjects.

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Improved image processing for 3D virtual object construction from serial sections reveals tissue patterns in root tips of Zea mays

Miki¹,

Saitō²,

Niki³

et al. 2023

Appl Plant Sci

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PremisePreviously we described methods for generating three‐dimensional (3D) virtual reconstructions of plant tissues from transverse thin sections. Here, we report the applicability of longitudinal sections and improved image‐processing steps that are simpler to perform and utilize free applications.MethodsIn order to obtain improved digital images and a virtual 3D object (cuboid), GIMP 2.10 and ImageJ 2.3.0 running on a laptop computer were used. Sectional views of the cuboid and 3D visualization were realized with use of the plug‐ins “Volume Viewer” and “3D Viewer” in ImageJ.ResultsA 3D object was constructed and sectional views along several cutting planes were generated. The 3D object consisted of selected tissues inside the cuboid that were extracted and visualized from the original section data, and an animated video of the 3D construct was also produced.DiscussionVirtual cuboids can be constructed by stacking longitudinal images along the transverse depth direction or stacking transverse images vertically along the organ axis, with both generating similar 3D objects. Which to use depends on the purpose of the investigation: if the vertical cell structures need close examination, the former method may be better, but for more general spatial evaluations or for evaluation of organs over longer tissue distances than can be accommodated with longitudinal sectioning, the latter method should be chosen.

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Factors inducing cavity formation in the vascular cylinders of pea roots (Pisum sativum L., cv. Alaska)

Cited by 25 publications

References 17 publications

Comparison of the effects of flooding vs. low-oxygen gas on pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. 'Alaska') primary roots

Comparison of the effects of flooding vs. low-oxygen gas on pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. 'Alaska') primary roots

Three‐dimensional digital image construction of metaxylem vessels in root tips of Zea mays subsp. mexicana from thin transverse sections

Improved image processing for 3D virtual object construction from serial sections reveals tissue patterns in root tips of Zea mays

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