Factors influencing pasture productivity in Atlantic Canada

Papadopoulos, Y. A.; Kunelius, H. T.; Fredeen, A. H.

doi:10.4141/cjas93-076

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Some highly adapted forage species in a balanced mixture can out-yield the monoculture components (Coulman 1987). Papadopoulos et al (1993) substantiates earlier evidence (Coulman 1987) in documenting that timothy and meadow fescue performed better when combined with other grass species than when seeded alone. These two species complemented, rather than competed with, the other species.…”

Section: Harvest Profile For Dmysupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Several factors affect the productivity of a seeded pasture, but success of the sward depends largely on the selection of species components, initial establishment competition management, and the conditions under which the mixture will be grown (Papadopoulos et al 1993;Sanderson and Elwinger 2002). White clover, orchardgrass, tall fescue, and meadow fescue are considered aggressive competitors in mixtures, whereas reed canarygrass, timothy, and bluegrass are nonaggressive (Blaser et al 1956).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Compositional changes over four years for binary mixtures of grass species grown with white clover

McKenzie¹,

Papadopoulos²,

McRae³

et al. 2005

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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2005. Compositional changes over four years for binary mixtures of grass species grown with white clover. Can. J. Plant Sci. 85: 351-360. Kentucky bluegrass, meadow fescue, orchardgrass, tall fescue, timothy, and reed canarygrass were seeded in all possible two-grass combinations with white clover in conventional and underseeded barley treatments using a split-plot design at the Western Agriculture Centre near Pynn's Brook, NL. The objectives were: (1) to assess dry matter yield (DMY) of two binary grass species when sown with white clover in mixtures under a system with cuttings at similar crop growth stages as rotational grazing and to assess the effect of underseeding to barley on this system; (2) to identify mixtures that enhance herbage distribution throughout the grazing season; and (3) to assess the sward dynamics over successive cropping seasons. The composition of the binary grass mixtures with white clover affected seasonal DMY, seasonal herbage distribution, and sward dynamics over the production years. Orchardgrass in mixtures decreased DMY, shifted the herbage distribution toward early season, and competed with other species. Timothy composition of the stand showed the largest decline over the 3 production years, whereas white clover declined in mixtures with bluegrass, orchardgrass, or tall fescue. Meadow fescue and reed canarygrass with white clover was the most productive mixture with excellent persistence and good yield distribution over the growing season. Orchardgrass was the least compatible species in the mixtures; it dominated first growth and contributed the least to biomass production in later years. Both bluegrass and reed canarygrass performed well in mixtures over the 3 production years; bluegrass appeared to enhance the performance of the other species during summer regrowth whereas reed canarygrass was superior in the later part of the growing season. Underseeding with barley did not affect white clover yield in any production year but detrimentally affected the yield of orchardgrass and meadow fescue in mixtures, and their seasonal distribution. Les auteurs ont semé du pâturin des prés, de la fétuque des prés, du dactyle pelotonné, de la fétuque élevée, de la fléole et de l'alpiste roseau dans toutes les combinaisons binaires possibles avec du trèfle blanc de la manière traditionnelle ou avec un sous-semis de seigle dans un dispositif en tiroir, au Western Agriculture Centre près de Pynn's Brook, à Terre-Neuve. Les objectifs de l'expérience étaient les suivants : (1) comparer le rendement en matière sèche (RMS) des graminées d'un système binaire semées avec du trèfle blanc dans le contexte d'un régime de coupe aux mêmes stades de croissance qu'un pâturage tournant et évaluer l'incidence du sous-semis d'orge; (2) identifier les mélanges qui améliorent la répartition des herbages sur l'ensemble de la saison de paissance; (3) évaluer la dynamique des peuplements lors de périodes végétatives successives. La composition du mélange binaire semé avec du trèfle blanc affecte le RMS saisonn...

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Section: Harvest Profile For Dmysupporting

confidence: 74%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Compositional changes over four years for binary mixtures of grass species grown with white clover

McKenzie¹,

Papadopoulos²,

McRae³

et al. 2005

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…Most agricultural soils in those provinces are acidic or becoming acidified (Papadopoulos et al 1993;Brunelle and Vanasse 2004). Hence, there is an increasing demand for effective liming material.…”

Section: Liming Potential Of Clam Processing Wastes and Toxicity Assementioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and microbiological properties of clam processing wastes in relation to national guidelines for wastes as soil additives

Owen¹,

LeBlanc²,

Toner³

et al. 2010

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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E. 2010. Chemical and microbiological properties of clam processing wastes in relation to national guidelines for wastes as soil additives. Can. J. Soil Sci. 90: 649Á653. With environmental concerns on the rise, clam processing plants in New Brunswick are being asked to dispose of waste shells in an environmental friendly manner. A previous study on clam processing wastes (CPW) showed their potential as an agricultural liming agent. However, CPW must meet provincial (e.g., New Brunswick and Que´bec) and national (e.g., Canada and United States of America) standards for the utilization of wastes as soil additives, particularly with regard to heavy metal and faecal coliform contamination, before they may be spread on agricultural lands. In this study, the chemical and microbiological properties of CPW were characterized. The presence of faecal coliforms and Escherichia coli in the CPW was below the most probable number (MPN) method detection limit (B3 MPN g(1 dry weight), indicating an absence of contamination by human or animal feces. Where total coliforms were detected, levels were far below the most restrictive standard for faecal coliforms (1000 MPN g(1 , dry weight). Levels of all 11 heavy metals of interest were also below the most restrictive standards applied in New Brunswick and Que´bec, and below those in the national guidelines (Canada and United States of America). The liming potential of CPW, demonstrated in pot experiments, may therefore be tested in Canada as well as in the United States of America at the field conditions without restrictions, other than the conventional good agricultural practices.Key words: Clam processing wastes, liming, heavy metal, pathogens, guidelines Owen, J., LeBlanc, S., Toner, P., Nduwamungu, C. et Fava, E. 2010. Proprie´te´s chimiques et microbiologiques des de´chets de transformation des mollusques selon les normes nationales applicables a`l'addition de re´sidus au sol. Can. J. Soil Sci. 90: 649Á653. Les pre´occupations d'ordre environnemental ne cessant de croıˆtre, on demande de plus en plus aux usines de transformation des mollusques du Nouveau-Brunswick d'e´liminer les coquilles des mollusques d'une manie`re soucieuse de l'environnement. Une e´tude ante´rieure sur les de´chets de transformation des mollusques (DTM) avait re´ve´le´le potentiel de ces derniers comme agent de chaulage pour les terres agricoles. Cependant, avant qu'on puisse les e´pandre sur les terres, les DTM doivent respecter les normes provinciales (Nouveau-Brunswick et Que´bec) et nationales (Canada et É tats-Unis) concernant l'usage de tels re´sidus comme amendement, surtout en ce qui concerne leur contamination par des me´taux lourds et des coliformes fe´caux. L'e´tude a permis de pre´ciser les proprie´te´s chimiques et microbiologiques des DTM. La concentration de coliformes fe´caux et de Escherichia coli dans les DTM est infe´rieure au seuil de tole´rance e´tabli par la me´thode du nombre le plus probable (NPP; B3 NPP par g de poids sec), signe que les re´sidus ne sont pas contamine´s par les ...

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“…Mots clés: Paissance, croissance des agneaux, dactyle pelotonné, trèfle blanc Throughout the Canadian Atlantic Provinces there are approximately 80 000 ha in pasture production (Papadopoulos et al 1993). The climate is well-suited to the production of forages, being cool and wet in the summer and mild in the winter as compared with continental areas of the country (Dzikowski et al 1984).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…It grows relatively early in the spring and although it is susceptible to winter injury it can persist for many years under grazing management (Papadopoulos et al 1993). However, grass/clover mixtures offer several agronomic advantages over single species stands (Kunelius and Narasimhalu 1993); mixed pastures require less fertilizer and yields are more stable within and between seasons.…”

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confidence: 99%

Addition of white clover to orchardgrass pasture improves the performance of grazing lambs, but not herbage production

Papadopoulos

Charmley²,

McRae³

et al. 2001

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 2001. Addition of white clover to orchardgrass pasture improves the performance of grazing lambs, but not herbage production. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 81: 517-523. Two earlymaturing cultivars (Juno and Hallmark), three late-maturing orchardgrass cultivars (Sumas, Rideau, and Kay), and a mixture of orchardgrass (Kay) and white clover (Huia) were seeded in a trial with two replicates. Plots were rotationally grazed for 3 successive years after the establishment year by crossbred lambs. Two contrasts were studied: Kay was compared with Kay/Huia and the early-maturing cultivars were compared with the late-maturing cultivars. Dry matter yield was less for the Kay/Huia than Kay in the 3-yr study, crude protein concentration was similar, and nitrate N concentration was less. Concentrations of ADF and NDF were less for Kay/Huia and stocking density was only 78% of that for Kay over the 3 yr. Efficiency of DM utilization for gain averaged 9.6 for Kay/Huia and 11.4 for Kay, but the difference is not significant. Body weight gain for lambs grazing Kay/Huia was 40% greater than for lambs grazing Kay; gains per hectare were numerically higher, resulting in bigger lambs with more fat cover. There were no differences in DM yield or chemical composition for early-and late-maturing cultivars. Daily gain for lambs grazing early-maturing cultivars tended to be greater, with most of the effect attributed to a response in 1989. Dressed weight, backfat depth relative to dressed weight were all numerically higher for lambs grazing the early-maturing varieties. We conclude that orchardgrass should be seeded with white clover to increase individual animal performance and output of lamb per hectare. Late-maturing cultivars, when planted in monoculture, had no influence on sward productivity, but appeared to offer some advantage for lamb performance. Les parcelles ont été pâturées en rotation par des agneaux hybrides trois années de suite après l'implantation. On a procédé à deux comparaisons. Le cultivar Kay a été comparé au mélange Kay/Huiam, et les cultivars hâtifs aux cultivars tardifs. Au terme des trois années de l'étude, le mélange Kay/Huia avait un rendement en matière sèche inférieur à celui de Kay, mais la concentration de protéines brutes était similaire, tandis que celle de N sous forme de nitrate était plus faible. Au cours de la même période, le mélange contenait moins de FDA et de FDN que Kay, et n'autorisait que 78 % de la densité de peuplement de ce cultivar. L'efficacité de la conversion de la MS en poids s'établissait en moyenne à 9,6 pour le mélange et à 11,4 pour Kay, mais cet écart n'est pas significatif. Les agneaux ont gagné 40 % plus de poids dans les pâturages de mélange Kay/Huia que dans ceux de Kay; le gain par hectare de pâturage était numériquement plus élevé, ce qui a donné des agneaux plus grands et plus gras. Les cultivars hâtifs et tardifs ne présentent aucune différence en ce qui concerne le rendement en MS ou la composition chimique. Les agneaux nourris de cultivars hâtifs ont tendance à gagner quotidiennem...

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Factors influencing pasture productivity in Atlantic Canada

Cited by 16 publications

References 22 publications

Compositional changes over four years for binary mixtures of grass species grown with white clover

Compositional changes over four years for binary mixtures of grass species grown with white clover

Chemical and microbiological properties of clam processing wastes in relation to national guidelines for wastes as soil additives

Addition of white clover to orchardgrass pasture improves the performance of grazing lambs, but not herbage production

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