Factors Influencing the Ripening and Quality of Fleshy Fruits

Barry, Cornelius S.

doi:10.1002/9781119312994.apr0415

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…Nevertheless, research on bHLH gene regulation in fruit growth and development is limited. Fruit growth is triggered by the fertilization of the ovule, with drastic changes, including cell division and expansion, secondary metabolite accumulation, and carbohydrate biosynthesis, which involve transcription and regulation of many genes [22,23]. For the climacteric fruit such as melon, the ripening process also accompanies an increase in ethylene emission and a burst of respiratory climacteric [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Melon bHLH Transcription Factors in Regulation of Fruit Development

Tan

Qiao

et al. 2021

Plants

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The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor family is one of the largest transcription factor families in plants and plays crucial roles in plant development. Melon is an important horticultural plant as well as an attractive model plant for studying fruit ripening. However, the bHLH gene family of melon has not yet been identified, and its functions in fruit growth and ripening are seldom researched. In this study, 118 bHLH genes were identified in the melon genome. These CmbHLH genes were unevenly distributed on chromosomes 1 to 12, and five CmbHLHs were tandem repeat on chromosomes 4 and 8. There were 13 intron distribution patterns among the CmbHLH genes. Phylogenetic analysis illustrated that these CmbHLHs could be classified into 16 subfamilies. Expression patterns of the CmbHLH genes were studied using transcriptome data. Tissue specific expression of the CmbHLH32 gene was analysed by quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed that the CmbHLH32 gene was highly expressed in female flower and early developmental stage fruit. Transgenic melon lines overexpressing CmbHLH32 were generated, and overexpression of CmbHLH32 resulted in early fruit ripening compared to wild type. The CmbHLH transcription factor family was identified and analysed for the first time in melon, and overexpression of CmbHLH32 affected the ripening time of melon fruit. These findings laid a foundation for further study on the role of bHLH family members in the growth and development of melon.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Melon bHLH Transcription Factors in Regulation of Fruit Development

Tan

Qiao

et al. 2021

Plants

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“…However, more attention is paid to the roles of PG in ripening fruit, particularly Plants 2020, 9, 327 2 of 16 tomato [1,4]. For example, a number of studies aiming to retard fruit softening with the transgenic approaches to manipulate the activities of different classes of cell wall enzymes including PG have been reported with a range of success [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Polygalacturonase Gene Family in Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) during Fruit Softening

Huang

Chen

Zhao

et al. 2020

Plants

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Polygalacturonase (PG) is an essential hydrolytic enzyme responsible for pectin degradation and thus plays an important role in fruit softening and other cell separation processes. PG protein is encoded by a multigene family, however, the members of PG gene family in kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) have not been extensively identified. In this study, a total of 51 AcPG genes in kiwifruit genome were identified. They are phylogenetically clustered into seven clades, and of them AcPG4 and AcPG18 with other known PG genes involved in fruit softening from peach, pear, papaya and melon form a small cluster together. The members of kiwifruit PG gene family consist of three to nine exons and two to eight introns, and their exon/intron structures are generally conserved in all clades except the clade D and E. During fruit softening of kiwifruit ‘Donghong’ under ambient temperature, cell wall modifying enzymes, including PG, PL (pectate and pectin lyases), and PE (pectinesterase, also known as pectin methylesterase, PME) showed a different activity profile, and of them, PG and PE activities largely correlated with the change of pectin content and firmness. Moreover, only 11 AcPG genes were highly or moderately expressed in softening fruit, and of which three AcPG genes (AcPG4, AcPG18, and AcPG8, especially the former two) has been found to strongly correlate with the profile of PG activity and pectin content, as well as fruit firmness, suggesting that they maybe play an important role in fruit softening. Thus, our findings not only benefit the functional characterization of kiwifruit PG genes, but also provide a subset of potential PG candidate genes for further genetic manipulation.

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“…These components largely determine the quality of fleshy fruits. The accumulation of brightly colored pigments in fruits is one of the most dramatic events that accompany ethylene biosynthesis (Barry, ). Fleshy fruits predominantly accumulate carotenoids, flavonoids, and anthocyanins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The regulatory module MdPUB29‐MdbHLH3 connects ethylene biosynthesis with fruit quality in apple

Han

et al. 2018

New Phytologist

105

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Summary The plant hormone ethylene is critical for climacteric fruit ripening, while glucose and anthocyanins determine the fruit quality of climacteric fruits such as apple. Understanding the exact molecular mechanism for this process is important for elucidating the interconnection of ethylene and fruit quality. Overexpression of apple MdbHLH3 gene, an anthocyanin‐related basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor (bHLH TF) gene, promotes ethylene production, and transgenic apple plantlets and trees exhibit ethylene‐related root developmental abnormalities, premature leaf senescence, and fruit ripening. Biochemical analyses demonstrate that MdbHLH3 binds to the promoters of three genes that are involved in ethylene biosynthesis, including MdACO1, MdACS1, and MdACS5A, activating their transcriptional expression, thereby promoting ethylene biosynthesis. High glucose‐inhibited U‐box‐type E3 ubiquitin ligase MdPUB29, the ortholog of Arabidopsis AtPUB29 in apple, influences the expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes and ethylene production by direct ubiquitination of the MdbHLH3 protein. Our findings provide new insights into the ubiquitination of MdbHLH3 by glucose‐inhibited ubiquitin E3 ligase MdPUB29 in the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis as well as indicate that the regulatory module MdPUB29‐MdbHLH3 connects ethylene biosynthesis with fruit quality in apple.

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Factors Influencing the Ripening and Quality of Fleshy Fruits

Cited by 5 publications

References 164 publications

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Melon bHLH Transcription Factors in Regulation of Fruit Development

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Melon bHLH Transcription Factors in Regulation of Fruit Development

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Polygalacturonase Gene Family in Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) during Fruit Softening

The regulatory module MdPUB29‐MdbHLH3 connects ethylene biosynthesis with fruit quality in apple

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