“…The use of alternative remedies like DDS for the management of diseases in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) as in the Middle East is a widespread practice that has historical, traditional, and religious roots ( Ahmed et al, 2015 ; al Marshedi et al, 2017; AlBraik et al, 2008 , Dha, 2011 , Ibrahim et al, 2019 , Muttappallymyalil et al, 2013 , Sridhar et al, 2017 ). Before the COVID-19 pandemic, studies have estimated the prevalence of DDS use to be between 35% and 39% in the UAE ( Abdulla et al, 2019b , Alhomoud et al, 2016 , Radwan et al, 2019 ).…”