Factors involved in the etiology of temporomandibular disorders - a literature review

Abstract

Background and aimThis review aims at presenting a current view on the most frequent factors involved in the mechanisms causing temporomandibular disorders (TMD).MethodWe conducted a critical review of the literature for the period January 2000 to December 2014 to identify factors related to TMD development and persistence.ResultsThe etiology of TMD is multidimensional: biomechanical, neuromuscular, bio-psychosocial and biological factors may contribute to the disorder. Occlusal overloading and parafunctions (bruxism) are frequently involved as biomechanical factors; increased levels of estrogen hormones are considered biological factors affecting the temporo-mandibular-joint. Among bio-psychosocial factors, stress, anxiety or depression, were frequently encountered.ConclusionsThe etiopathogenesis of this condition is poorly understood, therefore TMDs are difficult to diagnose and manage. Early and correct identification of the possible etiologic factors will enable the appropriate treatment scheme application in order to reduce or eliminate TMDs debilitating signs and symptoms.

TMD symptoms and vertical mandibular symmetry in young adult orthodontic patients in North Sumatra, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study

“…The distribution of TMD symptoms is higher than that of non-TMD symptoms in orthodontic patients with and without vertical mandibular symmetry. However, there was no significant difference (p=0.502) in TMD symptoms based on the presence or absence of vertical mandibular symmetry ( Table 3) since TMD the etiology of TMD is multidimensional 35 and asymmetry of condylar width, height and length as common features in TMD based on 3D-computed tomography 36, 37 . Indonesia, as a developing country, still uses panoramic digital radiography as initial evidence for planning early orthodontic intervention and avoiding the progression of asymmetries 38 .…”

“…The etiopathogenesis of TMD, which is a common feature in mandibular asymmetry, is poorly understood, because the complexity of biomechanical, neuromuscular, bio-psychosocial and biological factors has contributed to this disorder 6, 35 . Clinicians should note that the complexity of dentofacial variation in orthodontic patients indicates in part why most treatment approaches for malocclusions with TMD are directed to the symptoms rather than to etiology.…”

“…Expanding the fields of phenomics and genomic medicine to understand why asymmetric function occurs is required to achieve personalized orthodontic treatment in young orthodontic patients 40 . Stress might also have a role in the appearance of developmental disorders and required comprehensive diagnostic tools 11, 19, 35 .…”

Efeito da prática de instrumentos musicais nas disfunções temporomandibulares e distúrbios do sono

“…[14][15][16] O aumento da tensão muscular decorrente da ansiedade e estresse pode promover o desenvolvimento de DTM, [17][18][19] visto que estudos comprovam que indivíduos com níveis elevados de ansiedade e depressão possuem maior risco de desenvolverem DTM em comparação a indivíduos com níveis inferiores desses sintomas. 17,20 Chisnoiu et al, 21 também sugere que a ansiedade e o estresse fazem parte da etiologia da DTM e desempenham um papel significativo em manter os sintomas ou piorá-los.…”

Recent Tissue Engineering Advances for the Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

“…Importantly, treatment of TMD costs about $4 billion per annum in the US [1, 2]. The patients' ages range from 20 to 50 years old, which represents a relatively early age range for onset of osteoarthritis [4, 5]. …”