“…The gauge structure group of the BF theory naturally suggests possible connections with (2+1) gravity [6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19], and applications of the BF formalism in the context of loop quantum gravity have also been studied [20,21,22,23,24,25,26]. Generalizations of the BF models in higher dimensions have been considered [27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42]. Quite recently, the use of the BF field theory has been envisaged for the description of topological effects in condensed matter [43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51].…”