Faecal bile acids and clostridia in patients with breast cancer

Murray, William R.; Blackwood, A. Denene; Calman, Kenneth C.; MacKay, C

doi:10.1038/bjc.1980.333

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Reddy et al, (1998) found the intake of starch and dietary fibre to be negatively associated with the faecal concentration of DCA and faecal pH. Several studies have reported differences in faecal bile acids excretion or in the composition of the major faecal bile acids in breast cancer patients (Murray et al, 1980;Papatestas et al, 1982;Owen et al, 1986), but the results have been equivocal. However, these studies can be criticised as the disease process or treatment may have affected liver function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma deoxycholic acid concentration is elevated in postmenopausal women with newly diagnosed breast cancer

Costarelli

Sanders

2002

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: High concentrations of plasma deoxycholic acid (DCA) are found in human breast cyst fluid and it has been hypothesised that this may be related to risk of breast cancer. The aim of this pilot study was to ascertain whether plasma bile acid concentrations were greater in women with breast cancer. Design: A case -control study comparing postmenopausal women with breast cancer with healthy controls was conducted. Subjects: Twenty Caucasian postmenopausal breast cancer patients were recruited at the time of diagnosis together with 20 healthy controls matched for age and body mass index. Exclusion criteria included any treatment for breast cancer, use of hormone replacement therapy in the last 12 months, diabetes mellitus, a history of liver or gall bladder disease or abnormal liver function. Measurements: Fasting plasma bile acid concentrations were determined by gas -liquid chromatography=mass spectrometry. Results: The mean plasma DCA concentration was 52% higher (P ¼ 0.012) in patients with breast cancer compared with controls. Conclusion: These results support the hypothesis that DCA may be involved in the aetiology of breast cancer. Sponsorship: V Costarelli was the recipient of a scholarship from Harokopion Institution, Athens.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma deoxycholic acid concentration is elevated in postmenopausal women with newly diagnosed breast cancer

Costarelli

Sanders

2002

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that rates of breast and colon cancers are highly correlated with each other and with high fat and animal protein diets (Drasar & Irving, 1973). In the few studies published the data suggest that women with breast cancer may have differences in the faecal excretion of bile acids compared with controls; decreased (Murray et al, 1980) and increased (Papatestas et al, 1982) faecal concentrations, and altered ratio of individual bile acids (Owen et al, 1986) have been reported. Long-term follow-up of women undergoing cholecystectomy has revealed an increased risk of breast cancer which increased with time after operation (Gudmundsson et al, 1989).…”

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Bile acids influence the growth, oestrogen receptor and oestrogen-regulated proteins of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells

Baker

Wilton²,

Jones³

et al. 1992

Br J Cancer

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Summary The effects of the major human serum bile acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDC), as well as unconjugated chenodeoxycholic acid (CDC), on the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line have been studied in vitro under oestrogen and bile acid deprived culture conditions. GCDC increased the growth of the breast cancer cells over the range 10-300 jiM. At concentrations in excess of the bile acid binding capacity of the medium cell growth was prevented. In contrast 10 jiM CDC tended to reduce cell growth. Oestrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) receptors, pS2 and total cathepsin D were quantified by monoclonal antibody based immunoassays. Ten to 100 jiM GCDC and 10 jIM CDC down-regulated ER protein and this was accompanied by induction of the oestrogen-regulated proteins PgR, pS2 and possibly cathepsin D, including increased secretion of the latter two proteins into the culture medium. All these changes were quantitatively similar to those observed with 10 nm oestradiol. The bile acid effects on ER and PgR were not due to interference with the assay procedures. Cells incubated with 50 jIM GCDC or 10 jIM CDC had higher pmolar concentrations of the bile acids than controls. This study suggests that naturally occurring bile acids influence the growth and steroid receptor function of human breast cancer cells.Although bile acids have been considered to play a role in the aetiology and/or growth of colorectal cancer (Hill, 1983) little attention has been paid to the possible activity of these steroidal compounds in breast cancer. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that rates of breast and colon cancers are highly correlated with each other and with high fat and animal protein diets (Drasar & Irving, 1973). In the few studies published the data suggest that women with breast cancer may have differences in the faecal excretion of bile acids compared with controls; decreased (Murray et al., 1980) and increased (Papatestas et al., 1982) faecal concentrations, and altered ratio of individual bile acids (Owen et al., 1986) have been reported. Long-term follow-up of women undergoing cholecystectomy has revealed an increased risk of breast cancer which increased with time after operation (Gudmundsson et al., 1989). In contrast, by reducing the enterohepatic circulation of oestrogens and bile acids, the high consumption of fibre and fermented milk products, particularly in combination with low fat and animal protein intake, may provide some protection against breast cancer (Adlercreutz, 1990). These findings, while by no means conclusive, imply that breast cancer patients are subject to changes in circulating levels of bile acids and consequently the potential exposure of breast tissue and/or tumour. In support of the latter possibility is our observation, now confirmed by others, that breast cyst fluid contains very high levels of bile acids, notably the glycine conjugates of chenodeoxycholic (CDC), deoxycholic and cholic acids (Baker et al., 1986 and1988a;Raju et al., 1990).Bile acids have been shown to produce DNA chan...

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“…Since Hill's original hypothesis linking bile acids and breast cancer (Hill et al, 1971), a number of studies have demonstrated differences in faecal bile acid excretion or in the composition of the major faecal bile acids in breast cancer patients (Murray et al, 1980;Papatestas et al, 1982;Miller et al, 1983;Owen et al, 1986). These findings are consistent with the observed correlations between the incidences of cancer of the breast and colon and dietary factors such as fat intake (Hill et al, 1971;Drasar & Irving, 1973;Miller & Bulbrook, 1980).…”

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confidence: 99%