Failure to Remove Bluetongue Serotype 8 Virus (BTV-8) From in vitro Produced and in vivo Derived Bovine Embryos and Subsequent Transmission of BTV-8 to Recipient Cows After Embryo Transfer

Haegeman, Andy; Vandaele, Leen; Leeuw, Ilse De; Oliveira, André Alves de; Nauwynck, Hans; Soom, Ann Van; Clercq, Kris De

doi:10.3389/fvets.2019.00432

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…BTV has been detected in the semen of viraemic bulls and rams, can initiate infection in the mother, and can be transmitted vertically to the embryo [64,65]. Additionally, contaminated embryos can cause transmission on implantation [66]. As such, both semen and embryos may represent potential sources of BTV infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Frozen evolution” of an RNA virus suggests accidental release as a potential cause of arbovirus re-emergence

et al. 2020

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The mechanisms underlying virus emergence are rarely well understood, making the appearance of outbreaks largely unpredictable. Bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8), an arthropodborne virus of ruminants, emerged in livestock in northern Europe in 2006, spreading to most European countries by 2009 and causing losses of billions of euros. Although the outbreak was successfully controlled through vaccination by early 2010, puzzlingly, a closely related BTV-8 strain re-emerged in France in 2015, triggering a second outbreak that is still ongoing. The origin of this virus and the mechanisms underlying its re-emergence are unknown. Here, we performed phylogenetic analyses of 164 whole BTV-8 genomes sampled throughout the two outbreaks. We demonstrate consistent clock-like virus evolution during both epizootics but found negligible evolutionary change between them. We estimate that the ancestor of the second outbreak dates from the height of the first outbreak in 2008. This implies that the virus had not been replicating for multiple years prior to its re-emergence in 2015. Given the absence of any known natural mechanism that could explain BTV-8 persistence over this long period without replication, we hypothesise that the second outbreak could have been initiated by accidental exposure of livestock to frozen material contaminated with virus from

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Frozen evolution” of an RNA virus suggests accidental release as a potential cause of arbovirus re-emergence

et al. 2020

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“…It is also not known whether embryonic survival is compromised by cotransfer of infectious agents. Viral transmission to recipient females via ET has been demonstrated recently ( Haegeman et al, 2019 ), and it can be difficult to remove Coxiella burnetti ( Alsaleh et al, 2014 ) and Chlamydia abortus ( Pellerin et al, 2019 ) from IVP embryos. Signatures of bacterial contamination of media used for embryo production have been identified using mass spectrometry ( Zampieri et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Causes Of Pregnancy Loss Associated With Etmentioning

confidence: 99%

The incompletely fulfilled promise of embryo transfer in cattle—why aren’t pregnancy rates greater and what can we do about it?

Hansen

2020

Journal of Animal Science

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Typically, bovine embryos are transferred into recipient females about day 7 after estrus or anticipated ovulation, when the embryo has reached the blastocyst stage of development. All the biological and technical causes for failure of a female to produce a blastocyst 7 d after natural or artificial insemination (AI) are avoided when a blastocyst-stage embryo is transferred into the female. It is reasonable to expect, therefore, that pregnancy success would be higher for embryo transfer (ET) recipients than for inseminated females. This expectation is not usually met unless the recipient is exposed to heat stress or is classified as a repeat-breeder female. Rather, pregnancy success is generally similar for ET and AI. The implication is that either one or more of the technical aspects of ET have not yet been optimized or that underlying female fertility that causes an embryo to die before day 7 also causes it to die later in pregnancy. Improvements in pregnancy success after ET will depend upon making a better embryo, improving uterine receptivity, and forging new tools for production and transfer of embryos. Key to accelerating progress in improving pregnancy rates will be the identification of phenotypes or phenomes that allow the prediction of embryo competence for survival and maternal capacity to support embryonic development.

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“…Viruses such as FMDV (9) and BTV (10), causing symptoms such as ulcers in the mouth and hoof nails, are prevalent in cattle. The results showed that FMDV, BVDV, BTV, VSV, and BoHV-1 were negative, but SVV was detected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Buffalo-Origin Seneca Valley Virus in China: First Report, Isolation, Genome Characterization, and Evolution Analysis

Zhou

Liang

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Pigs are the main host of Seneca Valley virus (SVV), previously known as Senecavirus A (SVA). Pigs affected by SVV have vesicles in the nose, hooves, and limp and may cause death in some severe cases. Occasionally, SVV has also been detected in mice, houseflies, environmental equipment, and corridors in pig farms. Moreover, it was successfully isolated from mouse tissue samples. In this study, an SVV strain (SVA/GD/China/2018) was isolated from a buffalo with mouth ulcers in the Guangdong province of China using seven mammalian cell lines (including BHK-21, NA, PK-15, ST, Vero, Marc-145, and MDBK). The genome of SVA/GD/China/2018 consists of 7,276 nucleotides. Multiple-sequence alignment showed that SVA/GD/China/2018 shared the highest nucleotide similarity (99.1%) with one wild boar-origin SVV strain (Sichuan HS-01) from the Sichuan province of China. Genetic analysis revealed that SVA/GD/China/2018 clustered with those porcine-origin SVV strains. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of SVV infection in buffalo, which might expand the host range of the virus. Surveillance should be expanded, and clinical significance of SVV needs to be further evaluated in cattle.

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Failure to Remove Bluetongue Serotype 8 Virus (BTV-8) From in vitro Produced and in vivo Derived Bovine Embryos and Subsequent Transmission of BTV-8 to Recipient Cows After Embryo Transfer

Cited by 7 publications

References 40 publications

“Frozen evolution” of an RNA virus suggests accidental release as a potential cause of arbovirus re-emergence

“Frozen evolution” of an RNA virus suggests accidental release as a potential cause of arbovirus re-emergence

The incompletely fulfilled promise of embryo transfer in cattle—why aren’t pregnancy rates greater and what can we do about it?

Buffalo-Origin Seneca Valley Virus in China: First Report, Isolation, Genome Characterization, and Evolution Analysis

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