Failure to Remove Bovine Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) from Bull Semen by Swim up and other Separatory Sperm Techniques Associated with in vitro Fertilization

Abstract

Contents:Semen samples, collected from bulls pesistently ir5fected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and containing BVDV (titer I @ -I @TCID,dml), were subjected to sperm separation procedures (washing, swim up, Percoll gradient, glass wool filtration, glass beads filtration) that are commonly usedprior to in vitro fertilization ( N F ) to determine $these procedures would yield spermatozoa free from BVDV. The final sperm pellets from frozen and fresh ejaculates were tested for the presence of BVDV by the immunoperoxidase technique; all tests were positive for BVDV in the range of I @-I @TCID,dml. The study shows that when semen containing BVDV at the level of I @-I @TCID,,#ml is used for IVF, the virus is not completely removed by any of the simple physical methods commonly used toprepare sperm for IVF. Inhalt: Feldversuch das bovineDiarrhoe Virus (BVDV) aus Bullensperma durch Swim up oder andere Trennverfahren in Verbindung mit der In vitro Fertilisation zu entfernen Spermaproben, die von Bullen gewonnen wurden, welche dauerhaft mit dem Virus der bovinen Virus-Diarrhoe (BVDV) infiziert warenundeinenTiter zwischen 105-106TCID,,,/ml enthielten, wurden verschiedenen Trennverfahren unterzogen (Waschen, swim up, Percoll gradient, Glaswollenfiltration, Glaskugelfiltration). Diese Verfahren werden iiblicherweise fiir die Vorbereitung zur In vitro Befruchtung verwendet, und es sollte gepriift werden, ob diese Verfahren auch das Sperma von dem BVD-Virus befreien konnen. Das endgiiltige Spermapellet von gefrorenen/aufgetauten und frischen Ejakulaten wurde in Gegenwart des BVD-Virus und mit Hire der immunoperoxidase Technik getestet. Alle Testergebnisse waren positiv fiir BVD-Virus in einem Bereich von 103-104TCID,,,/ml. Die Studie zeigt, dal3Sperma, wenn es lO5-lO6TCID,Jml des Virus enWt, nicht vollsthdig mit den fir die IVF iiblichen, einfachen physikalischen Methoden von dem Virus befeit werden kann.

Review: Risks of disease transmission through semen in cattle

“…Extended isolation (quarantine) in association with routine periodic monitoring from presence of detectable virus in semen might be advisable for some valuable bulls diagnosed with persistent testicular infection. Bovine viral diarrhea virus in semen may be associated with sperm and cannot be removed by centrifugation through a percoll gradient, swim-up techniques, glass wool filtration or glass bead filtration (Bielanski et al, 1992).…”

The Effects of Cytopathic and Noncytopathic Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus with Sperm Cells on In Vitro Fertilization of Bovine Oocytes

“…Bovine viral diarrhoea virus was isolated from in vitro-produced embryos after use of BVD virus-infected semen (Bielanski, 1995). It has been reported that after the use of persistently intended bull semen, cleavage rates and development to the blastocyst stage were not significantly reduced in IVF (Bielanski et al, 1992). In contrast, Guerin and colleagues (1992) demonstrated that fertilization and cleavage were significantly decreased when semen from persistently infected bulls was used for IVF.…”

Antibiotic resistance in microorganisms isolated in a bull semen stud

“…Even after freezing, many microorganisms, either in pure cultures or associated with germplasm, are not completely removed from sperm cryopreserved using conventional methods, can survive to storage in liquid nitrogen and may be subsequently isolated from thawed bull semen (Gonzalez‐Marin et al, ). Therefore, although AI with frozen sperm can reduce potential contamination of cows, their genital tract may still be contaminated with agents transmitted by bull semen (Bielanski, Dubuc, & Hare, ; Nash, Hanson, & Coats, ; Visser et al, ), which implies that oocytes and embryos can be infected (Bielanski & Vajta, ).…”