“Fallout Tritium” Distribution in the Environment

Concentration of radionuclides in hydrosphere affected by Temelín Nuclear Power Plant in Czech Republic

“…3 shows the decrease in the tritium activity concentration after the Partial Test Ban Treaty on a semi-logarithmic scale for an initial value of 100 Bq l À1 in 1963 (Bennet, 1973) assuming radioactive decay is the only relevant process (A). The assessment of the measured tritium activity concentration (B) illustrates the effective ecological half-life of 7.8 years which is consistent with earlier published data (Bogen et al, 1978). An effective ecological half-life of 11.6 years was calculated for the period 1990-2006 (C).…”

“…In the following period, the observed decrease of the tritium activity concentration was faster than the theoretical tritium half-life due to the migration of tritium into deeper ocean layers, with the decrease in the tritium activity concentration caused by dilution etc. Bogen et al (1978) state that the effective ecological half-life of tritium increased from the original value of 3 years in the first period after the nuclear atmosphere weapons tests to 5 years in the period around the year 1978. It is, however, necessary to note that in this period tritium monitoring in the hydrosphere was not routinely performed.…”

Observed half-lives of 3H, 90Sr and 137Cs in hydrosphere in the Vltava River basin (Bohemia)

“…For the nuclear weapons test period the half-life of tritium surface water concentration relevant to radioactive decay was calculated to be about 5 years (Bogen et al 1978). Tritium concentrations in surface water (and similarly in precipitation water) indicated that these concentrations would decrease in future but the slope of the decrease would be smaller.…”

Assessment of Tritium Behavior in Man Using a Modified Three-Compartment Model

“…2(c), a rapidly metabolizing compartment is added to the aforementioned three-compartment model such as NCRP model. 9,11) In this case, it is assumed that the majority of OBT is accumulated directly into two compartments (OBT-1 and OBT-2), and the rest is accumulated in the FWT compartment after oxidized as soon as its intake. But in case of the NCRP model, as mentioned earlier, all the tritium taken in the body, is accumulated in the FWT compartment.…”

“…2(b) and given parameters for the model 11) were applied to the present measured data to compare with the present model. Two calculation results with parameters based just on the Reference Japanese Man and modified parameters possible to fit the present data were shown in Figs.…”