False memories in patients with mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer’s disease dementia: Can cognitive strategies help?

Malone, Christopher; Deason, Rebecca G.; Palumbo, Rocco; Heyworth, Nadine C.; Tat, Michael J.; Budson, Andrew E.

doi:10.1080/13803395.2018.1513453

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 95 publications

(161 reference statements)

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“…Non-pharmacological techniques such as pill boxes and reminder notes can enable individuals with moderate or even severe amnesia due to stroke or encephalitis to live independently (Acevedo & Loewenstein, 2007). These memorial aids typically fail in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) due, in part, to an increased tendency to form false memories (Malone et al, 2018). False memories may occur in several forms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…False memories may occur in several forms. For example false memories may be related to events that never occurred or to events that are distorted or mis-remembered (Malone et al, 2018). It is possible that false memories have an equal or greater impact on function in the lives of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD dementia compared to forgetting itself.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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False Memories: The Other Side of Forgetting

Turk

Palumbo

Deason

et al. 2020

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Objective:To measure caregivers’ and clinicians’ perception of false memories in the lives of patients with memory loss due to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using a novel false memories questionnaire. Our hypotheses were that false memories are occurring as often as forgetting according to clinicians and family members.Method:This prospective, questionnaire-based study consisting of 20 false memory questions paired with 20 forgetting questions had two forms: one for clinicians and the other for family members of older subjects. In total, 226 clinicians and 150 family members of 49 patients with AD, 44 patients with MCI, and 57 healthy older controls (OCs) completed the questionnaire.Results:False memories occurred nearly as often as forgetting according to clinicians and family members of patients with MCI and AD. Family members of OCs and patients with MCI reported fewer false memories compared to those of the AD group. As Mini-Mental State Examination scores decreased, the mean score increased for both forgetting and false memories. Among clinicians, correlations were observed between the dementia severity of patients seen with both forgetting and false memories questionnaire scores as well as with the impact of forgetting and false memories on daily life.Conclusion:Patients with AD experience false memories almost as frequently as they do forgetting. Given how common false memories are in AD patients, additional work is needed to understand the clinical implications of these false memories on patients’ daily lives. The novel false memories questionnaire developed may be a valuable tool.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

False Memories: The Other Side of Forgetting

Turk

Palumbo

Deason

et al. 2020

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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“…Assessing the severity of cognitive impairment, or the outcome of a cognitive intervention, is a priority when developing patient-oriented strategies for functional amelioration [ 1 , 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring global functioning in older adults with cognitive impairments using the Rasch model

et al. 2020

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Background Cognitive and functional measures are often measured and interpreted separately during the clinical evaluation of patients with cognitive impairment. This can sometimes lead to a challenging interpretation when measures do not show concordance, especially after a clinical intervention. In this study, the development and evaluation of a new approach, using the Rasch model, that combines cognitive and functional measures in one single and more powerful measure (compared to stand-alone tests) to assess global functioning in older adults with cognitive impairment (including dementia) was presented. Methods Clinical data from 265 older adults’ subjects diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment, or dementia, included: The Mini-mental state examination (MMSE), the Esame Neuropsicologico Breve (ENB) – a neuropsychological battery used in Italy–, the Activities of Daily Living (ADL), and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) questionnaires. Results Patients with severe cognitive impairment showed lower global functioning score compared to patients with moderate impairment. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to determine sensitivity and specificity of the global functioning score resulting from the combined measure. Results showed that the global functioning score discriminates better between patients with severe and moderate cognitive impairment compared to the ENB, ADL, and IADL when considered separately. Conclusions The Rasch model was able to combine cognitive and functional measures into a single score (global functioning score). All together, these results suggest that the diverse cognitive and functional measures can be considered part of one single dimension (global functioning) and that this dimension can be measured as a single construct and score. This study offers an alternative perspective for future development of instruments that would help clinicians in measuring global functioning in older adults’ patients at different stages of cognitive impairments and different baseline level of performance.

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“…Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been described as a progressive neurodegenerative disorder where learning and memory performance has been reduced, as well as rapid forgetting of new information (Malone et al, 2018). As well as memory loss, patients with AD also have a higher rate of memory distortions and false memories, in which patients remember an incorrect memory that is believed to be true.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More generally, false memories have traditionally been viewed as negative, particularly in aging adults (e.g., Devitt & Schacter, 2016;Malone et al, 2018). However, recent research has demonstrated that the production of false memories need not always have negative implications (Akhtar et al, in press;Howe, 2011;Howe et al, 2011;Howe, Garner, Dewhurst, & Ball, 2010;Howe, Threadgold, Wilkinson, Garner, & Ball, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Priming older adults and people with Alzheimer’s disease analogical problem-solving with true and false memories

Akhtar

Howe

2019

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

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We investigated the extent to which activation of specific information in associative networks during a memory task could facilitate subsequent analogical problem solving in healthy older adults as well as those with early onset Alzheimer's disease. We also examined whether these priming effects were stronger when the activation of the critical solution term during the memory task occurred when the item was actually presented (true memories) or when this item arose due to spreading activation to a related but nonpresented item (false memory). Older adult controls (OACs) and people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) were asked to solve 9 verbal proportional analogies, 3 of which had been primed by Deese/Roediger-McDermott lists where the critical lure (and problem solution) was presented as a word in the list (true memory), 3 of which were primed by DRM lists whose critical lures were spontaneously activated during list presentation (false memory), and 3 of which were unprimed. As expected, OACs were better (both in terms of speed and accuracy) at solving problems than people with AD and both groups were better when false memories were primes than when true memories were primes or there were no primes. There were no reliable differences between unprimed and true prime problems. These findings demonstrate that (a) priming of problem solutions extends to verbal proportional analogies in OACs and people with AD, (b) false memories are more effective at priming problem solutions than true memories, and (c) there are clear positive consequences to the production of false memories.

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False memories in patients with mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer’s disease dementia: Can cognitive strategies help?

Cited by 21 publications

References 95 publications

False Memories: The Other Side of Forgetting

False Memories: The Other Side of Forgetting

Measuring global functioning in older adults with cognitive impairments using the Rasch model

Priming older adults and people with Alzheimer’s disease analogical problem-solving with true and false memories

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