Falsifcation  of  Financial  Statements:   Concept  and  Tools  of  Identifcation

Abstract

To succeed in a market economy an economic entity should attract investments. The quality of accounting and analytical information about a company’s activities is an important factor in the decisions potential investors make. Accounting (fnancial) reporting is a signifcant part of the informational support of the company’s activity. The problem of reliability of the accounting (fnancial) statements has always been relevant. According to the modern concept of business audit, audit is primarily understood as an activity aimed at reducing business risks. Nowadays the main task of an auditor is to provide assurance that the accounting (fnancial) reporting does not contain signifcant misstatements because of its falsifcation, or mistakes made by employees of the auditee. Assessing the risk of fnancial statements falsifcation is an urgent and diffcult task. Though the term “falsifcation of fnancial statements” is widely used and seems clear in terms of common sense, the scientifc understanding and normative defnition of this concept is not so defnite. This article analyzes the concept of “falsifcation of fnancial statements” and approaches to its defnition in foreign and domestic practice; reviews modern tools to identify risks of fnancial statements falsifcation; discusses issues related to the use of mathematical models to identify the risk of fnancial statements falsifcation. To do this the authors analyze the index model of the American scientist M. Benish, carry out econometric tests within the assumptions of the Gauss-Markov theorem and propose a variant of developing an index model to detect accounting (fnancial) statements falsifcation. An attempt was made to create a model to identify the risk of reporting information falsifcation with a certain degree of probability that could be applied in Russia. To create such a model, called NARM, there were selected 75 reports of Russian organizations, of which 1/3 were falsifed. This model makes it possible to identify the probability of fnancial statements falsifcation to within 76%.

Corporate fraud as a threat to the company’s economic security

“…We are talking about providing information in the reporting that does not correspond to reality. Corporate fraud affecting the interests of investors entails a huge risk of causing losses, undermines the business reputation of the company, thereby violating its economic security [20,21].…”

Analysis of Financial Reporting as a Method of Detection of the Facts of Falsification

“…-GMI -Index of Profitability of Sales by Gross Profit; -SGI -Revenue Growth Rate; -DSRI -Index of Daily Sales of Account Receivable; -SGAI -Commercial and Administrative Expenditures Index; -AOI -Assets Quality Index; -TATA -Accruals to Assets; -DEPI -Amortization Index; -LVGI -Financial Independence Coefficient [5,6,7].…”