FAMACHA © : A potential tool for targeted selective treatment of chronic fasciolosis in sheep

Olah, Sophie; Wyk, J.A. Van; Wall, Richard; Morgan, Eric R.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.07.012

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Selective treatment of animals based on anaemic status is important in preventing anthelmintic resistance(Reynecke, van Wyk, Gummow, Dorny, & Boomker, 2011). In a study carried out byOlah, van Wyk, Wall, and Morgan (2015), authors found a significant correlation between the FAMACHA© score in sheep and the presence of flukes in the liver (r = .54, p < .001). However, in cattle naturally infected with F. gigantica and paramphistomes, the…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fasciola and fasciolosis in ruminants in Europe: Identifying research needs

Beesley

Caminade

Charlier

et al. 2017

Transbound Emerg Dis

162

111

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Summary Fasciola hepatica is a trematode parasite with a global distribution, which is responsible for considerable disease and production losses in a range of food producing species. It is also identified by WHO as a re‐emerging neglected tropical disease associated with endemic and epidemic outbreaks of disease in human populations. In Europe, F. hepatica is mostly associated with disease in sheep, cattle and goats. This study reviews the most recent advances in our understanding of the transmission, diagnosis, epidemiology and the economic impact of fasciolosis. We also focus on the impact of the spread of resistance to anthelmintics used to control F. hepatica and consider how vaccines might be developed and applied in the context of the immune‐modulation driven by the parasite. Several major research gaps are identified which, when addressed, will contribute to providing focussed and where possible, bespoke, advice for farmers on how to integrate stock management and diagnosis with vaccination and/or targeted treatment to more effectively control the parasite in the face of increasing the prevalence of infection and spread of anthelmintic resistance that are likely to be exacerbated by climate change.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fasciola and fasciolosis in ruminants in Europe: Identifying research needs

Beesley

Caminade

Charlier

et al. 2017

Transbound Emerg Dis

162

111

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“…Mucosa color has been widely assessed on a standardized color chart [FAMACHA© ( 72 )], where it has been shown to have good correlation with the presence of Haemonchus contortus in sheep ( 64 , 73 ). More recently, the scale has also been shown to be positively associated with the presence of another blood-feeding parasite, liver fluke ( 74 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Animal-Based Indicators to Be Used in a Welfare Assessment Protocol for Sheep

et al. 2017

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Sheep are managed under a variety of different environments (continually outdoors, partially outdoors with seasonal or diurnal variation, continuously indoors) and for different purposes, which makes assessing welfare challenging. This diversity means that resource-based indicators are not particularly useful and, thus, a welfare assessment scheme for sheep, focusing on animal-based indicators, was developed. We focus specifically on ewes, as the most numerous group of sheep present on farm, although many of the indicators may also have relevance to adult male sheep. Using the Welfare Quality® framework of four Principles and 12 Criteria, we considered the validity, reliability, and feasibility of 46 putative animal-based indicators derived from the literature for these criteria. Where animal-based indicators were potentially unreliably or were not considered feasible, we also considered the resource-based indicators of access to water, stocking density, and floor slipperiness. With the exception of the criteria “Absence of prolonged thirst,” we suggest at least one animal-based indicator for each welfare criterion. As a minimum, face validity was available for all indicators; however, for many, we found evidence of convergent validity and discriminant validity (e.g., lameness as measured by gait score, body condition score). The reliability of most of the physical and health measures has been tested in the field and found to be appropriate for use in welfare assessment. However, for the majority of the proposed behavioral indicators (lying synchrony, social withdrawal, postures associated with pain, vocalizations, stereotypy, vigilance, response to surprise, and human approach test), this still needs to be tested. In conclusion, the comprehensive assessment of sheep welfare through largely animal-based measures is supported by the literature through the use of indicators focusing on specific aspects of sheep biology. Further work is required for some indicators to ensure that measures are reliable when used in commercial settings.

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“…The resultant anaemia is essentially haemorrhagic and in chronic fasciolosis, packed cell volumes can be reduced to 12-15% (normal 35%) in both sheep and cattle. This can be readily detected on clinical examination and has potential to be assessed semi-quantitatively using the Famacha© method (Olah et al, 2015).…”

Section: Feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver fluke infections in cattle and sheep

Forbes

2017

Livestock

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The trematode, Fasciola hepatica, is a cosmopolitan parasite of temperate regions that can infect a wide variety of wild and domestic mammalian species, including man. Host-responses differ amongst different species and this article focuses on the contrast between cattle and sheep, the two classes of livestock in which fasciolosis assumes the greatest economic importance. In the sheep, acute fasciolosis resulting from parenchymal damage to the liver and haemorrhage caused by migrating juvenile flukes is a severe and potentially fatal disease. In contrast, the parenchymal stages have limited effects in cattle and the acute form of the disease is extremely rare. Though there is no evidence for a functional, acquired immune response to Fasciola hepatica, cattle provide a less hospitable environment, probably due to the profound changes in parasitised bile ducts, which render them as unsuitable habitats for feeding fluke. Consequently, in untreated cattle, many liver fluke die within 18 months of infection, though some can survive for 2 years or more. In the sheep, essentially, the fluke can live as long as the sheep; up to 11 years has been reported. These differences lead to the need for different treatment approaches in cattle and sheep with respect to juvenile fluke, but do also provide some opportunities for novel control approaches, based on the relative tolerance of cattle and their ability to limit parasitic damage to the liver parenchyma.

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FAMACHA © : A potential tool for targeted selective treatment of chronic fasciolosis in sheep

Cited by 15 publications

References 48 publications

Fasciola and fasciolosis in ruminants in Europe: Identifying research needs

Fasciola and fasciolosis in ruminants in Europe: Identifying research needs

Evaluation of Animal-Based Indicators to Be Used in a Welfare Assessment Protocol for Sheep

Liver fluke infections in cattle and sheep

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