Familiarity deficits in cognitively normal aging individuals with <i>APOE</i> ε4: A follow‐up investigation of medial temporal lobe structural correlates

Schoemaker, Dorothée; Poirier, Judes; Collins, D. Louis; Gauthier, Serge; Pruessner, Jens C.

doi:10.1016/j.dadm.2017.05.008

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Lesion research that followed up on our research in NB in other patients, however, has revealed similarly selective impairments in association with damage to perirhinal and/or entorhinal cortex, in combination with hippocampal sparing. These findings provide critical evidence to suggest, that damage to rhinal cortices is sufficient to produce deficits in familiarity assessment (Martin et al 2012;Brandt et al 2016Brandt et al , 2018Schoemaker et al 2016Schoemaker et al , 2017. In addition, there is substantial evidence from functional neuroimaging research, intracranial recordings, as well as lesion and recording studies in non-human species that implicates perirhinal cortex, and more recently entorhinal cortex, in item-based familiarity assessment.…”

Section: Implications and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Results revealed a significant impairment in familiarity-based discrimination with intact recollection for APOE ε4 carriers, relative to noncarriers. Importantly, familiarity-based discrimination performance was also found to be significantly correlated with MR-based volumetric assessments of the integrity of entorhinal and perirhinal cortices in APOE ε4 carriers (Schoemaker et al 2017).…”

Section: Selective Familiarity Impairments Can Be Observed In Other Cmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…We summarize the outcome of our studies as seven sets of findings that we have synthesized from five primary research papers on NB (Bowles et al 2007;Bowles et al 2010;Bowles et al 2011;Martin et al 2011;Bowles et al 2016; see Table 1), and from closely related work in other patients that followed up on this case study (Martin et al 2012(Martin et al , 2019Brandt et al 2016Brandt et al , 2018Schoemaker et al 2016Schoemaker et al , 2017. While our main theoretical emphasis in interpretation will be placed on the dual-process framework that guided our research, we will also discuss implications of these findings for the functional organization of the MTL in broader terms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Familiarity impairments after anterior temporal-lobe resection with hippocampal sparing: Lessons learned from case NB

Köhler

Martin

2020

Neuropsychologia

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We review evidence from an extensive single case study in an individual (NB) who underwent a rare left-sided anterior temporal-lobe resection with sparing of the hippocampus. Our study aimed to determine whether memory functions of perirhinal cortex, which was largely removed in the resection, can be impaired against a background of preserved hippocampus-dependent memory processing. This research was guided by the proposal that item-based familiarity assessment relies on contributions of perirhinal cortex, and that the hippocampus plays a unique role in the relational binding of items to episodic contexts, which is critical for recollection. Seven sets of findings have emerged from this research in NB and from follow-up work in other patients: (i) Familiarity impairments can be selective and be revealed with multiple methods; (ii) selective familiarity and selective recollection impairments can be double dissociated; (iii) selective familiarity impairments show material specificity; (iv) selective familiarity impairments extend to assessment of cumulative lifetime experience; (v) selective familiarity impairments are sensitive to degree of feature overlap between object concepts; (vi) selective familiarity impairments are associated with preserved task-related fMRI signals in the hippocampus; (vii) selective familiarity impairments can be observed in other lesion cases. Despite our main focus on the dual-process framework, we also discuss implications for the functional organization of the medial temporal lobes in broader terms. We argue that our findings shed light on this organization even if the functional specialization of different medial temporal structures is ultimately not fully captured with reference to the cognitive distinction between familiarity and recollection.

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Section: Implications and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Selective Familiarity Impairments Can Be Observed In Other Cmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Familiarity impairments after anterior temporal-lobe resection with hippocampal sparing: Lessons learned from case NB

Köhler

Martin

2020

Neuropsychologia

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“…Although the MMSE is used to help diagnose dementia and for screening in primary care practice, studies have shown that its sensitivity and specificity depend on a number of factors, including demographics [ 79 ]. Previous work has shown that in assessment at the ADRC, the MMSE had more noise than the DRS, showed a moderate floor effect and a slight ceiling [ 80 ]. It was only one of a battery of tests of cognitive function used for diagnosis in the ADRC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Measures as Predictors of Conversion to Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease

Wheeler

Murphy

2021

Brain Sciences

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Background: Early biomarkers of prodromal Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are critical both to initiate interventions and to choose participants for clinical trials. Odor threshold, odor identification and odor familiarity are impaired in AD. Methods: We investigated the relative abilities of standard screening (MMSE) and olfactory measures to predict transitions from cognitively normal (CN) to mild cognitive impairment (MCI), from CN to AD, and MCI to AD. The archival sample of 497, from the UCSD ADRC, included participants who were CN, MCI, AD and converters to MCI or AD. Apoe ε4 status, a genetic risk factor, was available for 256 participants, 132 were ε4 carriers. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve plots the trade-off between sensitivity and specificity. Area under the ROC curve (AUC) was used to determine diagnostic accuracy. Results: Different measures were better predictors at specific stages of disease risk; e.g., odor familiarity, odor identification and the combination showed higher predictive value for converting from MCI to AD in ε4 carriers than the MMSE. Combining odor familiarity and odor identification produced an AUC of 1.0 in ε4 carriers, MMSE alone was 0.58. Conclusions: Olfactory biomarkers show real promise as non-invasive indicators of prodromal AD. The results support the value of combining olfactory measures in assessment of risk for conversion to MCI and to AD.

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“…We observed that women with ε4/ε4 show significantly lower executive functioning, psychomotor speed, reaction time, complex attention as well as cognitive flexibility compared to those with other APOE genotypes. The study of Schoemaker et al [ 26 ] revealed significant positive correlations between familiarity performance and the volume of the perirhinal and entorhinal cortices as well as between recollection performance and hippocampal volume in carriers of APOE ε4. Levels of ApoE were found to be higher in women and related to lifespan and cognitive function [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of interactions between APOE and ESR1 polymorphisms on cognitive functions in postmenopausal women

et al. 2021

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Introduction: During menopause the level of estrogens is decreased, which may lead to cognitive impairment or dementia. Some forms of genetic polymorphism were found to be related to cognitive functions, including APOE and ESR1 (PvuII and XbaI) polymorphisms. In the present study we aimed to analyze the impact of interactions between APOE and ESR1 polymorphisms on cognitive functions in the group of postmenopausal women. Material and methods: The study group consisted of 266 postmenopausal women aged 50-65 years without symptoms of dementia. A computerized battery of the Central Nervous System Vital Signs (CNS VS) test was used to diagnose cognitive functions. APOE and ESR1 polymorphisms were genotyped using multiplex PCR and PCR-RFLP methods, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way analysis of variance in Statistica software. Results: The best memory, visual memory, processing and psychomotor speeds were found in women carrying the C allele of the PvuII polymorphism (TC + CC genotypes) in the presence of the APOE ε2/ε3 genotype, while a lower outcome was noted in women with ε3/ε3, and the lowest if they had the ε4 allele. In the case of women with TT genotype of the PvuII polymorphism, cognitive functioning did not decrease in women with the ε4 allele. A similar effect on cognitive functions was observed for AG + GG genotypes of the XbaI and APOE polymorphisms. Women who simultaneously carried CC PvuII and GG XbaI genotypes had the lowest cognitive functions. Conclusions: Interactions of polymorphic variants of APOE and ESR1 genes influenced cognitive functions in postmenopausal women.

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Familiarity deficits in cognitively normal aging individuals with APOE ε4: A follow‐up investigation of medial temporal lobe structural correlates

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Familiarity impairments after anterior temporal-lobe resection with hippocampal sparing: Lessons learned from case NB

Familiarity impairments after anterior temporal-lobe resection with hippocampal sparing: Lessons learned from case NB

Olfactory Measures as Predictors of Conversion to Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease

Effect of interactions between APOE and ESR1 polymorphisms on cognitive functions in postmenopausal women

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