Fast and effective mitochondrial delivery of ω-Rhodamine-B-polysulfobetaine-PEG copolymers

Morimoto, Nobuo; Takei, Riho; Wakamura, Masaru; Oishi, Yushi; Nakayama, Masafumi; Yamamoto, Masaya; Winnik, Françoise M.

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-19598-2

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Among them, polymer aggregates are most promising because they can cross cell membranes by simple diffusion. [106][107][108][109] In Section 5.2, the mechanism of cell membrane permeation of amphiphilic polymer aggregates by simple diffusion will be described.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Cell Membrane Permeation By Macromoleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox‐Active Polymers Connecting Living Microbial Cells to an Extracellular Electrical Circuit

Kaneko

Ishihara

Nakanishi

2020

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Microbial electrochemical systems in which metabolic electrons in living microbes have been extracted to or injected from an extracellular electrical circuit have attracted considerable attention as environmentally‐friendly energy conversion systems. Since general microbes cannot exchange electrons with extracellular solids, electron mediators are needed to connect living cells to an extracellular electrode. Although hydrophobic small molecules that can penetrate cell membranes are commonly used as electron mediators, they cannot be dissolved at high concentrations in aqueous media. The use of hydrophobic mediators in combination with small hydrophilic redox molecules can substantially increase the efficiency of the extracellular electron transfer process, but this method has side effects, in some cases, such as cytotoxicity and environmental pollution. In this Review, recently‐developed redox‐active polymers are highlighted as a new type of electron mediator that has less cytotoxicity than many conventional electron mediators. Owing to the design flexibility of polymer structures, important parameters that affect electron transport properties, such as redox potential, the balance of hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity, and electron conductivity, can be systematically regulated.

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Section: Mechanism Of Cell Membrane Permeation By Macromoleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox‐Active Polymers Connecting Living Microbial Cells to an Extracellular Electrical Circuit

Kaneko

Ishihara

Nakanishi

2020

Small

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“…However, mitochondrial staining is achieved by using relatively high concentrations or formulated to increase staining efficiencies, while commonly used mitochondrial staining dyes are used at nanomolar concentrations (20-200 nM). [30][31][32] Therefore, these ester derivatives will be an advantage, because they can be taken up by the RPE cells at very low concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Effect of Esterification on Retinal Pigment Epithelial Uptake Using Rhodamine B Derivatives

Bulumulla

Kularatne

Catchpole

et al. 2020

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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This study investigated the effects of esterification and increased lipophilicity on cellular penetration, accumulation and retention in ARPE-19-nic cells using ester functionalized rhodamine B dyes. Methods: Rhodamine B was esterified to generate four dyes with increasing lipophilicity. Cellular uptake, retention and mitochondrial localization were investigated in vitro using ARPE-19-nic cells using direct intracellular and extracellular and mitochondrial fluorescence quantitation, confocal and high-resolution live cell imaging and colocalization with Mito-GFP. Results: Cellular penetrance, mitochondrial accumulation, and retention of the esterified dyes were increased in ARPE-19-nic cells compared with the nonesterified parent dye by direct fluorescence quantitation. Imaging demonstrated intracellular accumulation was confined to mitochondria as confirmed by colocalization with Mito-GFP. Conclusions: Esterification is an effective way to increase lipophilicity of a dye to improve cellular penetration of chemical entities. These observations may be key to improving retinal drug delivery for retinal pigment epithelium-based diseases. Translational Relevance: Understanding the intracellular distribution of drugs into retinal pigment epithelium cells is a critical component for identifying potential therapies for retinal pigment epithelium-based diseases.

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“…To reach the mitochondria, nanodrugs are released from the early endolysosomes, and PEGylation is often used to prompt the releasing process. 111 , 115 , 116 …”

Section: Previous Anticancer Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Past, Present, and Future of Anticancer Nanomedicine</p>

Kim¹,

Khang²

2020

IJN

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This review aims to summarize the methods that have been used till today, highlight methods that are currently being developed, and predict the future roadmap for anticancer therapy. In the beginning of this review, established approaches for anticancer therapy, such as conventional chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, monoclonal antibodies, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors are summarized. To counteract the side effects of conventional chemotherapy and to increase limited anticancer efficacy, nanodrug- and stem cell-based therapies have been introduced. However, current level of understanding and strategies of nanodrug and stem cell-based therapies have limitations that make them inadequate for clinical application. Subsequently, this manuscript reviews methods with fewer side effects compared to those of the methods mentioned above which are currently being investigated and are already being applied in the clinic. The newer strategies that are already being clinically applied include cancer immunotherapy, especially T cell-mediated therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors, and strategies that are gaining attention include the manipulation of the tumor microenvironment or the activation of dendritic cells. Tumor-associated macrophage repolarization is another potential strategy for cancer immunotherapy, a method which activates macrophages to immunologically attack malignant cells. At the end of this review, we discuss combination therapies, which are the future of cancer treatment. Nanoparticle-based anticancer immunotherapies seem to be effective, in that they effectively use nanodrugs to elicit a greater immune response. The combination of these therapies with others, such as photothermal or tumor vaccine therapy, can result in a greater anticancer effect. Thus, the future of anticancer therapy aims to increase the effectiveness of therapy using various therapies in a synergistic combination rather than individually.

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Fast and effective mitochondrial delivery of ω-Rhodamine-B-polysulfobetaine-PEG copolymers

Cited by 19 publications

References 36 publications

Redox‐Active Polymers Connecting Living Microbial Cells to an Extracellular Electrical Circuit

Redox‐Active Polymers Connecting Living Microbial Cells to an Extracellular Electrical Circuit

Investigating the Effect of Esterification on Retinal Pigment Epithelial Uptake Using Rhodamine B Derivatives

<p>Past, Present, and Future of Anticancer Nanomedicine</p>

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