Fast and High Resolution Expansion Measurement at an Audi e-tron Battery Cell

Bohn, Günther; Taub, Johannes; Oeser, David; Ziegler, Andreas; Gielinger, Sebastian

doi:10.1109/vppc55846.2022.10003340

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In contrast to laser triangulation, which makes use of geometry to determine the location of an object, one could also exploit the interferometric nature of light to measure the position of a surface. Bohn et al demonstrated a white light interferometry approach for measuring both small 2 Ah and larger 56 Ah cells [170,171]. White light interferometry is a coherent imaging technique, which requires a reference arm and a sample arm.…”

Section: Interferometric Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even without additional fitting or averaging, the resolution can be in the range of single nanometers [172,173]. Bohn et al [171] made use of a light emitting diode (LED) source with a coherence length of 12 µm, meaning that the measurement range is limited to the coherence length of the light source. A scanning component with a high resolution encoder was added to the sample arm to allow for measurements beyond the coherence length.…”

Section: Interferometric Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, sensor outputs from these three techniques require additional information and calculation to extract battery expansion [108,119,120,125]. Both of the interferometric techniques outlined in this review are relatively complex to implement, and require significant post-processing to extract the relevant information [170,171,176]. Structured light imaging is relatively easy to implement, however the computation of deformation from the resulting images is complex and computationally expensive [184].…”

Section: Comparison Of Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methods for Quantifying Expansion in Lithium-Ion Battery Cells Resulting from Cycling: A Review

Krause,

Nusko,

Pitta Bauermann

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Significant efforts are being made across academia and industry to better characterize lithium-ion battery cells as reliance on the technology for applications ranging from green energy storage to electric mobility increases. The measurement of short-term and long-term volume expansion in lithium-ion battery cells is relevant for several reasons. For instance, it provides information about the quality and homogeneity of battery cells during charge and discharge cycles, as well as aging over it’s lifetime. The expansion measurements are useful for the evaluation of new materials and the improvement of end-of-line quality tests during cell production. These measurements may also indicate the safety of battery cells by aiding in predicting state of charge and state of health over the lifetime of the cell. Expansion measurements can also assess inhomogeneities on the electrodes and defects such as gas accumulation and lithium plating. In this review, we first establish the known mechanisms through which short term and long term volume expansion in lithium-ion battery cells occurs. We then explore the current state-of-the-art for both contact and non-contact measurements of volume expansion. This review compiles existing literature to outline the various options available to researchers aiming to make ex situ volume expansion measurements by doing post mortem analyses on individual components and in operando measurements on entire battery cells. Finally, we discuss the different considerations when selecting an appropriate measurement technique. The selection of the optimal method for measuring battery cell expansion depends on the objective of the characterization, duration, required resolution, and repeatability of results. Costs and required space for the measurement equipment are also considered.

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Section: Interferometric Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interferometric Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison Of Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Methods for Quantifying Expansion in Lithium-Ion Battery Cells Resulting from Cycling: A Review

Krause,

Nusko,

Pitta Bauermann

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In contrast to laser triangulation, which makes use of geometry to determine the location of an object, one could also exploit the interferometric nature of light to measure the position of a surface. Bohn et al demonstrated a white light interferometry approach for measuring both small 2 Ah and larger 56 Ah cells [180,181]. White light interferometry is a coherent imaging technique, which requires a reference arm and a sample arm.…”

Section: Interferometric Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even without additional fitting or averaging, the resolution can be in the range of single nanometers [182,183]. Bohn et al [181] made use of a light-emitting diode (LED) source with a coherence length of 12 µm, meaning that the measurement range was limited to the coherence length of the light source. A scanning component with a high resolution encoder was added to the sample arm to allow for measurements beyond the coherence length.…”

Section: Interferometric Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for Quantifying Expansion in Lithium-Ion Battery Cells Resulting from Cycling: A Review

Krause,

Nusko,

Pitta Bauermann

et al. 2024

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Significant efforts are being made across academia and industry to better characterize lithium ion battery cells as reliance on the technology for applications ranging from green energy storage to electric mobility increases. The measurement of short-term and long-term volume expansion in lithium-ion battery cells is relevant for several reasons. For instance, expansion provides information about the quality and homogeneity of battery cells during charge and discharge cycles. Expansion also provides information about aging over the cell’s lifetime. Expansion measurements are useful for the evaluation of new materials and the improvement of end-of-line quality tests during cell production. These measurements may also indicate the safety of battery cells by aiding in predicting the state of charge and the state of health over the lifetime of the cell. Expansion measurements can also assess inhomogeneities on the electrodes, in addition to defects such as gas accumulation and lithium plating. In this review, we first establish the mechanisms through which reversible and irreversible volume expansion occur. We then explore the current state-of-the-art for both contact and noncontact measurements of volume expansion. This review compiles the existing literature on four approaches to contact measurement and eight noncontact measurement approaches. Finally, we discuss the different considerations when selecting an appropriate measurement technique.

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Analysis of the Use of Rational Electric Vehicle Battery Design as an Example of the Introduction of the Fit for 55 Package in the Real Estate Market

Beshta,

Cichoń,

Beshta

et al. 2023

Energies

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The European climate law contains a mandatory EU climate target of reducing emissions in the EU by at least 55% by 2030; to realistically implement it, a transformation of many economic sectors is required. The main solutions focus on energy production. However, an equally important aspect is its storage. It represents the biggest challenge to ensure the stability of energy use in the real estate market. Today, lithium-ion batteries are the most promising batteries. They have the advantages of high efficiency during the charge–discharge process, and high density of electrical energy. The potential range of electric vehicles on a single charge depends on the battery. Accumulator batteries, depending on their purpose, are assembled from a certain number of lithium-ion cells. At the same time, the battery connection scheme depends on what the goal is. This can be an increase in battery capacity, an increase in voltage, or a combination of both parametric characteristics of the device. This approach and research results can be implemented not only in the automotive field, but also in industry, the real estate market, etc.

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Fast and High Resolution Expansion Measurement at an Audi e-tron Battery Cell

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Methods for Quantifying Expansion in Lithium-Ion Battery Cells Resulting from Cycling: A Review

Methods for Quantifying Expansion in Lithium-Ion Battery Cells Resulting from Cycling: A Review

Methods for Quantifying Expansion in Lithium-Ion Battery Cells Resulting from Cycling: A Review

Analysis of the Use of Rational Electric Vehicle Battery Design as an Example of the Introduction of the Fit for 55 Package in the Real Estate Market

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