Fast Charging Battery Buses for the Electrification of Urban Public Transport—A Feasibility Study Focusing on Charging Infrastructure and Energy Storage Requirements

Rogge, Matthias; Wollny, Sebastian; Sauer, Dirk Uwe

doi:10.3390/en8054587

Cited by 169 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The high battery costs are caused by the number of buses which has to be equipped. In particular, the charging power has significant influence on the number of charging stations, which is consistent with the results obtained in previous studies [29][30]. The extension of dwell times also leads to distinctly lower infrastructure requirements.…”

Section: Required Charging Infrastructure For Investigated Bus Networksupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Thus, the study determines the fleet and infrastructure requirements for the investigated bus lines to substitute diesel buses. Paul [29] and Rogge [30] analyse the possible implementation of electric bus systems for a bus network based on the vehicle scheduling and infrastructure planning. Assuming that all charging stations are located at terminal bus stops, both studies present an approach to determine the electrification potential of bus networks.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Electrification of a City Bus Network: An Optimization Model for Cost-Effective Placing of Charging Infrastructure and Battery Sizing of Fast Charging Electric Bus Systems

Kunith

Mendelevitch²,

Goehlich

2016

SSRN Journal

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in AbstractThe deployment of battery-powered electric bus systems within the public transportation sector plays an important role to increase energy efficiency and to abate emissions. Rising attention is given to bus systems using fast charging technology. This concept requires a comprehensive infrastructure to equip bus routes with charging stations. The combination of charging infrastructure and bus batteries needs a reliable energy supply to maintain a stable bus operation even under demanding conditions. An efficient layout of the charging infrastructure and an appropriate dimensioning of battery capacity are crucial to minimize the total cost of ownership and to enable an energetically feasible bus operation. In this work, the central issue of jointly optimizing the charging infrastructure and battery capacity is described by a capacitated set covering problem. A mixed-integer linear optimization model is developed to determine the minimum number and location of required charging stations for a bus network as well as the adequate battery capacity for each bus line of the network. The bus energy consumption for each route segments is determined based on individual route, bus type, traffic and other information. Different scenarios are examined in order to assess the influence of charging power, climate and changing operating conditions. The findings reveal significant differences in terms of needed infrastructure depending on the scenarios considered. Moreover, the results highlight a trade-off between battery size and charging infrastructure under different operational and infrastructure conditions. The paper addresses upcoming challenges for transport authorities during the electrification process of the bus fleets and sharpens the focus on infrastructural issues related to the fast charging concept. JEL codes: C61; L92; R42

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Section: Required Charging Infrastructure For Investigated Bus Networksupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrification of a City Bus Network: An Optimization Model for Cost-Effective Placing of Charging Infrastructure and Battery Sizing of Fast Charging Electric Bus Systems

Kunith

Mendelevitch²,

Goehlich

2016

SSRN Journal

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“…Overnight charging with large battery capacities was the only charging technology considered and thus the location of charging stops along the routes was not covered. Rogge et al (2015) investigated energy and infrastructure requirements for a bus network of 23 routes in the city of Muenster in Germany. However, the analysis did not include an optimization of charging locations, and all end-stops were instead assumed to be the locations for charging.…”

Section: Figure 1: Map Of the Stockholm Bus Network -Bus Routes (Leftmentioning

confidence: 99%

Locating charging infrastructure for electric buses in Stockholm

Xylia

Leduc

Patrizio

et al. 2017

Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies

240

101

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Highlights Presenting an optimization model for the location of electric bus charging stations.  Model application to a large-scale case study for the bus network of Stockholm, Sweden.  Results show that low fuel costs for electricity can balance annual infrastructure costs.  Emissions decrease up to 51% and energy consumption up to 34% with electrification.  The model may assist decision-making for investments in public transport.Keywords electric bus; charging infrastructure; optimization; Mixed Integer Linear Programing; public transport; Sweden AbstractCharging infrastructure requirements are being largely debated in the context of urban energy planning for transport electrification. As electric vehicles are gaining momentum, the issue of locating and securing the availability, efficiency and effectiveness of charging infrastructure becomes a complex question that needs to be addressed. This paper presents the structure and application of a model developed for optimizing the distribution of charging infrastructure for electric buses in the urban context, and tests the model for the bus network of Stockholm. The major public bus transport hubs connecting to the train and subway system show the highest concentration of locations chosen by the model for charging station installation. The costs estimated are within an expected range when comparing to the annual bus public transport costs in Stockholm. The model could be adapted for various urban contexts to promptly assist in the transition to fossil-free bus transport. The total costs for the operation of a partially electrified bus system in both optimization cases considered (cost and energy) differ only marginally from the costs for a 100% biodiesel system. This indicates that lower fuel costs for electric buses can balance the high investment costs incurred in building charging infrastructure, while achieving a reduction of up to 51% in emissions and up to 34% in energy use in the bus fleet.

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“…Rogge et al [29] Drive range anxiety of battery electric transit buses are studied for feasible charging solutions of uninterrupted service.…”

Section: Lca Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Front Lines of a Sustainable Transportation Fleet: Applications of Vehicle-to-Grid Technology for Transit and School Buses

et al. 2016

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Abstract:The electricity generation/supply and transportation sectors are the two largest contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the U.S., and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology is a rapidly emerging solution to reduce these emissions with the adoption of battery-electric (BE) vehicles. Deployments of BE transit and school buses are expected to have larger battery capacities than passenger vehicles, making them more feasible candidates for V2G service. Five electricity generation regions are considered for cash flow analysis of BE and diesel transit and school buses over their entire respective lifetimes with the allowance of V2G services' net revenue. Besides, the environmental benefits of using the V2G system are studied in place of combustion power generation plants for the regulation services of each study region. Air emission externalities are another crucial issue for bus operations because buses are operated near highly populated areas, so these externalities are also studied in this research with the benefits of a V2G emission reduction potential taken into account. The analysis concluded that BE transit and school buses with V2G application have potential to reduce electricity generation related greenhouse-gas emissions by 1067 and 1420 tons of CO 2 equivalence (average), and eliminate $13,000 and $18,300 air pollution externalities (average), respectively.

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Fast Charging Battery Buses for the Electrification of Urban Public Transport—A Feasibility Study Focusing on Charging Infrastructure and Energy Storage Requirements

Cited by 169 publications

References 23 publications

Electrification of a City Bus Network: An Optimization Model for Cost-Effective Placing of Charging Infrastructure and Battery Sizing of Fast Charging Electric Bus Systems

Electrification of a City Bus Network: An Optimization Model for Cost-Effective Placing of Charging Infrastructure and Battery Sizing of Fast Charging Electric Bus Systems

Locating charging infrastructure for electric buses in Stockholm

On the Front Lines of a Sustainable Transportation Fleet: Applications of Vehicle-to-Grid Technology for Transit and School Buses

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