Fast determination of paracetamol by using a very simple photometric flow-through sensing device

Ayora‐Cañada, María José; Reguera, María Isabel Pascual; Ruiz-Medina, A.; Córdova, M.L. Fernández de; Dı́az, A Molina

doi:10.1016/s0731-7085(99)00265-4

Cited by 52 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Recently, various flowinjection analysis along with suitable detection technique have also been reported for the determination of PCT. Growing interest in the use of FI in conjunction with UV/vis spectrometric techniques has been demonstrated in several papers [89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100]. Existing FIA methods for determining PCT are mostly based on the hydrolysis of paracetamol to p-aminophenol, which is then transformed into a coloured derivative by a suitable reaction.…”

Section: Flow-injection Spectrophotometric Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this way, various methods have been proposed; a simple flow-through UV optosensing device was developed for the determination of PCT based on its transient retention and concentration on a suitable active solid support (Sephadex QAE A-25 anion-exchange resin) packed in the flow cell and the continuous monitoring of its native absorbance on the solid phase at 264 nm [94]. The sample was injected into a 0.08 M NaCl carrier stream at pH 11.0 by using a simple monochannel FIA manifold.…”

Section: Reagentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Determination of paracetamol: Historical evolution

Bosch

Ruiz-Sánchez

Rojas

et al. 2006

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis

217

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Section: Flow-injection Spectrophotometric Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reagentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of paracetamol: Historical evolution

Bosch

Ruiz-Sánchez

Rojas

et al. 2006

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis

217

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“…49) Only simpler matrices such as pharmaceutical preparations could be assayed for PCT with such flow-through sensors. [50][51][52] The current method is advantageous over the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical method where the latter reagent has to be prepared for each run 18) and reacts with other plasma antioxidants. With a similar reasoning, the Fe(III)-tripyridyltriazine, also known as the FRAP reagent in total antioxidant assays of foodstuffs and body fluids, has been used for PCT assay in biological fluids 21) such as serum and plasma, but this reagent would also be affected from other serum antioxidants, 53) and therefore would not be specific for paracetamol.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrophotometric Determination of Paracetamol in Urine with Tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene as a Coupling Reagent and Preconcentration with Triton X-114 Using Cloud Point Extraction

Filik

Şener

Çekiç

et al. 2006

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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Paracetamol (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol; abbreviated as PCT) has been widely used as analgesic and antipyretic drug. Paracetamol is a weak acid (pK a ϭ9.5) which is rapidly absorbed and distributed after oral administration and excreted largely in urine: 45-55% as glucuronide conjugates, 20-30% as sulphate, 15-55% as cysteine and mercapturic acid conjugates and only 1-5% unchanged.1) Although PCT is usually well tolerated when used at the recommended dose, large doses have been associated with lethal hepatic necrosis and renal failure.2) Various methods have been proposed for the determination of PCT in biological fluids (urine, plasma and serum). Relatively few reports describe high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods for the estimation of urine and serum concentrations of PCT using spectrophotometric, 2-10) fluorescence 11) and electrochemical detection.12) Other methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13) capillary electrophoresis (CE), 14) and gas chromatography (GC) 15) have also been reported. There are many reliable methods for assaying urinary PCT levels, but they are often time-consuming, technically demanding, and requires the use of costly, highly specialized instruments.In the first practical spectrophotometric method developed, 16) PCT was extracted with ether and hydrolyzed with acid to p-aminophenol, which was then coupled with phenol in the presence of sodium hypobromite to form an indophenol dye. Since then, other spectrophotometric methods for PCT assay in biological fluids have been described. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] The majority of published spectrophotometric methods are based on ring-nitration, 23) diazotization, [17][18][19] differential absorbance measurement, 18) direct acid reduction, 21) and oxidative coupling with some phenolic reagent to form an indophenol dye. 24,25) Generally, urinary PCT is not directly assayed, and requires preliminary hydrolysis of PCT to paminophenol (abbreviated as PAP) for final determination. Urinary screening of PCT is mostly based on acidic [25][26][27][28][29][30] or enzymatic [31][32][33] hydrolysis of PCT to PAP, the latter requiring 17-20 h. In most of the conventional spectrophotometric procedures, the hydrolysis product (PAP) reacts with a special chromogenic reagent in basic medium to form an indophenol blue dye. A number of chromogenic reagents including phenol, 30) o-cresol, 25,26,28) Heirwegh and Fevery,29) in strongly acidic medium, PAP resulting from differential extraction and acid hydrolysis of total PCT in urine is diazotized and the diazonium salt cou- In the present paper, conventional spectrophotometry in conjunction with cloud point extraction-preconcentration were investigated as alternative methods for paracetamol (PCT) assay in urine samples. Cloud point extraction (CPE) was employed for the preconcentration of p-aminophenol (PAP) prior to spectrophotometric determination using the non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114 (TX-114) as an extractant. The developed methods were based on acidic hydrolysis of ...

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“…

Paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen, is one of the popular non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs widely used for management of pain and fever in a variety of patients including children, pregnant women, the elderly and those with ostheoartheritis, simple head aches and non-inflammatory musculoskeletol conditions.Accurate determination of paracetamol in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids is of great importance not only for quality assurance but also for safety and efficacy studies.Various analytical methods such as fluorometry, 1 voltammetry, 2 Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, 3,4 spectrophotometry, [5][6][7][8] flow injection analysis, 9,10 chemiluminescence, 11 electrochemical analysis, 12 mass spectrometry, 13 gas chromatography, 14 capillary electrophoresis 15 and liquid chromatography 16,17 were employed for determination of paracetamol. All these methods were used for determination of paracetamol either alone or in combination with other drugs.

…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various analytical methods such as fluorometry, 1 voltammetry, 2 Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, 3,4 spectrophotometry, [5][6][7][8] flow injection analysis, 9,10 chemiluminescence, 11 electrochemical analysis, 12 mass spectrometry, 13 gas chromatography, 14 capillary electrophoresis 15 and liquid chromatography 16,17 were employed for determination of paracetamol. All these methods were used for determination of paracetamol either alone or in combination with other drugs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Separation and Determination of Process-Related Substances of Paracetamol Using Reversed-Phase HPLC with Photo Diode Array as a Detector

Rao

Narasaraju

2006

ANAL. SCI.

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A simple and rapid gradient reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous separation and determination of paracetamol and its related compounds in bulk drugs and pharmaceutical formulations has been developed. As many as nine process impurities and one degradation product of paracetamol have been separated on a Symmetry C18 column (4.6 x 250 mm i.d., particle size 5 microm) with gradient elution using 0.01 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) and acetonitrile as mobile phase and photo diode array detection at 215 nm. The chromatographic behavior of all the compounds was examined under variable compositions of different solvents, temperatures, buffer concentrations and pH values. The correlation coefficients for calibration curves for paracetamol as well as impurities were in the range of 0.9951 - 0.9994. The proposed RP-LC method was successfully applied to the analysis of commercial formulations; the recoveries of paracetamol were in the range of 99-101%. The method could be of use not only for rapid and routine evaluation of the quality of paracetamol in bulk drug manufacturing units but also for detection of its impurities in pharmaceutical formulations.

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Fast determination of paracetamol by using a very simple photometric flow-through sensing device

Cited by 52 publications

References 16 publications

Determination of paracetamol: Historical evolution

Determination of paracetamol: Historical evolution

Spectrophotometric Determination of Paracetamol in Urine with Tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene as a Coupling Reagent and Preconcentration with Triton X-114 Using Cloud Point Extraction

Rapid Separation and Determination of Process-Related Substances of Paracetamol Using Reversed-Phase HPLC with Photo Diode Array as a Detector

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