Fast Frequency Support from Hybrid Wind Power Plants Using Supercapacitors

Long, Qian; Celna, Aivaras; Das, Kaushik; Sørensen, Poul Ejnar

doi:10.3390/en14123495

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…By neglecting the leakage current, the voltage across the SC can be described by the following equation [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]:…”

Section: Two-branch Model Of Scsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrical and Mathematical Modeling of Supercapacitors: Comparison

Cabrane

Lee

2022

Energies

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Supercapacitors are energy storage devices with high electrical power densities and long spanlife. Therefore, supercapacitor-based energy storage systems have been employed for a variety of applications. The modelling and simulation of SCs have been of great interest to this objective. This paper presents an electrical schema and mathematical modelling of three models of supercapacitors. The first is the RC model, the second is the two-branch model and the third is the multi-branch model. The objective of this modelling is to choose the best model that can respect the same behaviour of the experimental model. These models are compared with an experimental model. This comparison prove that the response voltage of the multi-branch model correctly describes the behaviour of the experimental model of Belhachemi. The disadvantage of this model is the slow simulation duration in MATLAB/Simulink. The RC model represented the faster model in terms of simulation. The choice of 15 branches in parallel in multi-branch models gives good results and correctly describes the reel model. The automatic charge and discharge voltage of SCs reduce by reducing the charge current.

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“…By neglecting the leakage current, the voltage across the SC can be described by the following equation [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]:…”

Section: Two-branch Model Of Scsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SCs are widely used in the recovery of energy during breaking vehicles [21]. SCs are used for fast frequency support from hybrid wind power plants [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical and Mathematical Modeling of Supercapacitors: Comparison

Cabrane

Lee

2022

Energies

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“…Large scale wind power grid connection increases the pressure on the secure and steady operation of the power system. Therefore, improving the active support performance of wind power generation to the power grid and reducing the impact of its forecast deviation on the active power balance control has become the core problem of wind power generation system [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active power control strategy for wind farms based on power prediction errors distribution considering regional data

et al. 2022

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One of the renewable energy resources, wind energy is widely used due to its wide distribution, large reserves, green and clean energy, and it is also an important part of large-scale grid integration. However, wind power has strong randomness, volatility, anti-peaking characteristics, and the problem of low wind power prediction accuracy, which brings serious challenges to the power system. Based on the difference of power prediction error and confidence interval between different new energy power stations, an optimal control strategy for active power of wind farms was proposed. Therefore, we focus on solving the problem of wind power forecasting and improving the accuracy of wind power prediction. Due to the prediction error of wind power generation, the power control cannot meet the control target. An optimal control strategy for active power of wind farms is proposed based on the difference in power prediction error and confidence interval between different new energy power stations. The strategy used historical data to evaluate the prediction error distribution and confidence interval of wind power. We use confidence interval constraints to create a wind power active optimization model that realize active power distribution and complementary prediction errors among wind farms with asymmetric error distribution. Combined with the actual data of a domestic (Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh) wind power base, a simulation example is designed to verify the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

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“…Providing these services is a challenge for production units that are fully converter‐interfaced, such as a wind farm. A support from energy storage technologies such as supercapacitors, flywheels, batteries etc., can be sought in such cases [5], [6]. These technologies can provide desired active power output within 0.5–2 s [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic wake analysis of a wind turbine providing frequency support services

Singh

Kooning

Vandevelde

2022

IET Renewable Power Gen

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The participation of wind farms in providing ancillary services is an asset for the power system and one way to maintain a strong grid with the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources. Research has shown this to be feasible for wind farms by using efficient prediction and sophisticated control systems. In some parts of the world, strict grid codes are already being implemented that require wind farms to provide ancillary services. Moreover, the primary reserve market in Europe is moving towards shorter procurement periods, providing wind farms an opportunity to more efficiently optimise their resources based on short term forecasts. It can however be challenging for the wind farms to efficiently participate in grid frequency support services, especially for primary reserve services. The reason behind this is the requirement of quick activation and deactivation of power reserve margin for services such as Frequency Containment Reserve (FCR) and Fast Frequency Response (FFR). A full activation of the contracted reserve is required within seconds of a grid frequency dip. A sudden change in wind turbine dynamics is expected to have an impact on the wake behind the wind turbine. The wake effect within a wind farm is taken into thorough consideration in its design process. The effect on the wake due to the wind turbines participating in fast response ancillary services however, remains unexplored. This is a matter of greater concern for wind farms with a high capacity density. To this end, the main contribution of this article is to observe the effect of ancillary service based control system on the wake effect of a wind turbine. Additionally, the capability of developed wind turbines controllers to follow primary reserve services are also tested. FFR and FCR services are tested for a range of frequency designs, these include both synthetic and actual grid frequencies. The synthetic frequency profiles are designed to replicate both fast and slow frequency variations in order to analyse the impact on wake behaviour. The simulations are performed for low and high wind speed including constant as well as turbulent winds.

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Fast Frequency Support from Hybrid Wind Power Plants Using Supercapacitors

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Electrical and Mathematical Modeling of Supercapacitors: Comparison

Electrical and Mathematical Modeling of Supercapacitors: Comparison

Active power control strategy for wind farms based on power prediction errors distribution considering regional data

Dynamic wake analysis of a wind turbine providing frequency support services

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