FAST Globular Cluster Pulsar Survey: Twenty-four Pulsars Discovered in 15 Globular Clusters

Pan, Zhichen; Qian, Lei; Ma, Xuexi; Liu, Kuo; Wang, Lin; Luo, Jun; Yan, Zhen; Ransom, S. M.; Lorimer, D. R.; Li, Di; Jiang, Peng

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac0bbd

Cited by 59 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Testa et al 2012;Ferraro et al 2015); a general search for optical/infrared counterparts of Terzan 5 X-ray sources has not yet been conducted. Another two interesting GCs are M14 and M2, where the MSPs therein were discovered recently by FAST (Pan et al 2021b). All the detected MSPs in these two clusters are found in binary systems, while one BW and two eclipsing RB MSPs were found in M14.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…One MSP (PSR J1717+4308A) has been discovered in M92, which is identified as an eclipsing redback (Pan et al 2020(Pan et al , 2021b. Its X-ray counterpart is clearly seen on the Chandra X-ray image (see Figure 4).…”

Section: M92 (Ngc 6341)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While new MSPs are continuously being discovered in GCs (e.g. Pan et al 2021b;Ridolfi et al 2021), most do not yet have precise timing positions. Alternatively, we can constrain the X-ray luminosities for MSPs without precise timing positions by setting upper limits using the known cluster X-ray sources.…”

Section: Gc Msps With X-ray Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, Bahramian et al ( 2020) presented a total of seven X-ray sources detected in this cluster. Five MSPs have been found recently in M14 by Pan et al (2021b), although only PSR J1737−0314A has a published precise timing solution. The timing solution for PSR J1737−0314A indicates a black widow system, but the discovery observation was not long enough to exclude the possibility of eclipses, given the orbital period of ∼5.5 hours with an observation length of 2 hours (Pan et al 2021b).…”

Section: M14 (Ngc 6402)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Census of X-ray Millisecond Pulsars in Globular Clusters

Zhao,

Heinke

2022

Preprint

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We present a comprehensive census of X-ray millisecond pulsars (MSPs) in 29 Galactic globular clusters (GCs), including 68 MSPs with confirmed X-ray luminosities and 107 MSPs with X-ray upper limits. We compile previous X-ray studies of GC MSPs, and add new analyses of six MSPs (PSRs J1326−4728A, J1326−4728B, J1518+0204C, J1717+4308A, J1737−0314A, and J1807−2459A) discovered in five GCs. Their X-ray spectra are well described by a single blackbody model, a single powerlaw model, or a combination of them, with X-ray luminosities ranging from 1.9×10 30 erg s −1 to 8.3×10 31 erg s −1 . We find that most detected X-ray MSPs have luminosities between ∼ 10 30 erg s −1 to 3 × 10 31 erg s −1 . Redback pulsars are a relatively bright MSP population with X-ray luminosities of ∼ 2 × 10 31 -3 × 10 32 erg s −1 . Black widows show a bi-modal distribution in X-ray luminosities, with eclipsing black widows between ∼ 7 × 10 30 and 2 × 10 31 erg s −1 , while the two confirmed non-eclipsing black widows are much fainter, with 𝐿 𝑋 of 1.5 − 3 × 10 30 erg s −1 , suggesting an intrinsic difference in the populations. We estimate the total number of MSPs in 36 GCs by considering the correlation between the number of MSPs and stellar encounter rate in GCs, and suggest that between 600-1500 MSPs exist in these 36 GCs. Finally, we estimate the number of X-ray detectable MSPs in the Galactic bulge, finding that 1-86 MSPs with 𝐿 𝑋 > 10 33 erg s −1 , and 20-900 MSPs with 𝐿 𝑋 > 10 32 erg s −1 , should be detectable there.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: M92 (Ngc 6341)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gc Msps With X-ray Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: M14 (Ngc 6402)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Census of X-ray Millisecond Pulsars in Globular Clusters

Zhao,

Heinke

2022

Preprint

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“…Finding PSR-BH systems has been a major objective for all of the large radio pulsar surveys that have been carried out to date (for e.g., Cordes et al 2006;Foster et al 1995;Manchester et al 2001;Stovall et al 2014;Keith et al 2010), whose primary focus is searching along the plane of the Galaxy for systems formed through the isolated binary channel. There have also been a number of targeted radio pulsar surveys of globular and open clusters in the Milky Way (Urquhart et al 2020;Ridolfi et al 2021;Pan et al 2021), as well as the Galactic center (Rajwade et al 2017;Hyman et al 2019;Eatough et al 2013), which aim to detect systems formed through both the isolated binary and dynamical formation channels. However, none of these surveys have reported a detection of a PSR-BH system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Milky Way pulsar--black hole population using radio and gravitational wave observations

Pol,

McLaughlin,

Lorimer

2021

Preprint

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The detection of two NS-BH mergers by LIGO-Virgo provided the first direct confirmation of the existence of this type of system in the Universe. These detections also imply the existence of pulsarblack hole systems. In this analysis, we use the non-detection of any PSR-BH systems in current radio surveys to estimate a 95% upper limit of ∼150 PSR-BH binary systems that are beaming towards the Earth in the Milky Way. This corresponds to a 95% upper limit of R LIGO = 7.6 yr −1 on the merger detection rate for the LIGO-Virgo network scaled to a range distance of 100 Mpc, which is consistent with the rates derived by LIGO-Virgo. In addition, for the first time, we use the merger detection rates estimate by LIGO-Virgo to predict the number of detectable PSR-BH systems in the Milky Way. We find there to be N obs,NSBH,e = 2 +5 −1 and N obs,NSBH,p = 6 +7 −4 detectable PSR-BH systems in the Milky Way corresponding to the event-based and population-based merger detection rates estimated by LIGO-Virgo respectively. We estimate the probability of detecting these PSR-BH systems with current radio pulsar surveys, showing that the Arecibo PALFA survey has the highest probability of detecting a PSR-BH system, while surveys with recently commissioned and planned telescopes are almost guaranteed to detect one of these systems. Finally, we discuss the hurdles in detecting PSR-BH systems and how these can be overcome in the future.

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The latest progress of Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope

Jiang

Yao

2021

Sci. China Technol. Sci.

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FAST Globular Cluster Pulsar Survey: Twenty-four Pulsars Discovered in 15 Globular Clusters

Cited by 59 publications

References 30 publications

A Census of X-ray Millisecond Pulsars in Globular Clusters

A Census of X-ray Millisecond Pulsars in Globular Clusters

Insights into the Milky Way pulsar--black hole population using radio and gravitational wave observations

The latest progress of Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope

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