Fast neutron radiography scanner for the detection of contraband in air cargo containers

Eberhardt, John E.; Rainey, S.; Stevens, Richard J. A. M.; Sowerby, B.D.; Tickner, James

doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2005.04.012

Cited by 108 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In particular, FNGR can provide good images of a broad range of enclosed materials as well as densities. [1][2] Two parallel detector modules are used to detect neutrons and gamma-rays. One is a CsI(Tl) coupled to photodiode (PD) detectors that has been used to detect high energy gamma-rays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Optimization of CsI(Tl)-PIN Photodiode for High-Energy Gamma-Ray Detection

Bai

2011

Progress in Nuclear Science and Technology

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A Monte Carlo simulation was performed to induce optimized parameters for CsI(Tl) crystals and large area PIN phohtodiode detectors for applications in high energy gamma ray spectroscopy. In order to derive the optimum parameters we used a Trade-Off procedure between the deposition energy and light transmission efficiency, while varying the detector thickness. Moreover, it was found that the surface treatment of the crystal in the photodiode is also an important factor for good light transmission. The tests were performed using a low noise charge-sensitive preamplifier and a pulse shape amplifier. Concerning the operating condition of the system, it is necessary to shape the time and reverse the bias voltage in order to provide another minimization of noise for the system. In order to maximize the light output from the crystal, the crystal geometry, crystal wrapping, optical bonding and matching to the PIN photodiode were all optimized. With a fixed crystal height of 5 cm, it was best to grind the sides and the top surface of the crystal on the front facing sides of the external reflectors, resulting in about a 14.5% enhancement compared with polishing all the sides and top.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Optimization of CsI(Tl)-PIN Photodiode for High-Energy Gamma-Ray Detection

Bai

2011

Progress in Nuclear Science and Technology

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“…Unlike X-Ray scanners, neutron-based systems are capable of detecting light elements, 56,57 which is of great importance while searching for explosives and/or drugs. Detection of contraband substances is based on the analysis of characteristic nuclear gamma-ray emission stimulated by the irradiation of the screened object by fast neutrons.…”

Section: à2mentioning

confidence: 99%

High yield neutron generator based on a high-current gasdynamic electron cyclotron resonance ion source

Skalyga

Izotov

Golubev

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Physics

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High yield neutron generator based on a high-current gasdynamic electron cyclotron resonance ion source Skalyga, V.; Izotov, I.; Golubev, S.; Sidorov, A.; Razin, S.; Strelkov, A.; Tarvainen, Olli; Koivisto, Hannu; Kalvas, Taneli Skalyga, V., Izotov, I., Golubev, S., Sidorov, A., Razin, S., Strelkov, A., . . . Kalvas, T. (2015). High yield neutron generator based on a high-current gasdynamic electron cyclotron resonance ion source. Journal of Applied Physics, 118 (9) In present paper, an approach for high yield compact D-D neutron generator based on a high current gasdynamic electron cyclotron resonance ion source is suggested. Results on dense pulsed deuteron beam production with current up to 500 mA and current density . It is discussed that compact neutron generator with such characteristics could be perspective for a number of applications like boron neutron capture therapy, security systems based on neutron scanning, and neutronography. V C 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx

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“…An early prototype FNGR scanner has been described previously [8]. Based on the successful demonstration of this scanner, a commercial-scale scanner has been developed and installed in an Australian Customs Service facility at Brisbane International Airport so that the technology and associated business processes can be trialed in a real time operational environment.…”

Section: Csiro Air Cargo Scanner At Brisbane Airportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most efficient fast neutron detectors were those based on proton recoil in plastic (or liquid) scintillators. CSIRO has developed custom-designed neutron and gamma-ray detector systems, each comprising a large number of small scintillators with photodiode readout [8]. The neutron detector system uses 704 plastic scintillator detectors and the gamma-ray detector system uses 352 CsI(Tl) detectors.…”

Section: Csiro Air Cargo Scanner At Brisbane Airportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Neutron and Gamma-Ray Interrogation of Cargo Containers

Sowerby¹,

Eberhardt²,

Liu³

et al. 2007

Proceedings of International Workshop on Fast Neutron Detectors and Applications — PoS(FNDA2006)

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There is a worldwide need for improved methods for the scanning of consolidated air cargo for contraband such as illicit drugs and explosives. The strong preference is to directly image the contents of cargo containers without unpacking and with scan times of less than a few minutes per container. In the current paper the various alternative X-ray, gamma-ray and neutron techniques will be discussed and compared.The Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) has been working with the Australian Customs Service to develop a scanner capable of directly scanning airfreight containers in 1-2 minutes. The scanner combines fast neutron and gamma-ray radiography (FNGR) to provide high-resolution images that include information on material composition. The composition information greatly facilitates the task of image analysis. A commercial-scale scanner has been installed at an Australian Customs Service facility at Brisbane International Airport to trial the technology and associated business processes. The trial will continue for up to 18 months and includes a comprehensive evaluation by an independent team leader engaged by Customs. The scanner facility incorporates an extensive automated cargo handling system, making possible the continuous processing of large numbers of containers.Results are presented on the image quality of the FNGR scanners, their dynamic range and their ability to discriminate different material compositions. Some results from the FNGR scanner are presented, highlighting the ability of the method to distinguish ill-defined, low-density organic materials that are difficult to detect using conventional X-ray scanners.

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Fast neutron radiography scanner for the detection of contraband in air cargo containers

Cited by 108 publications

References 7 publications

The Optimization of CsI(Tl)-PIN Photodiode for High-Energy Gamma-Ray Detection

The Optimization of CsI(Tl)-PIN Photodiode for High-Energy Gamma-Ray Detection

High yield neutron generator based on a high-current gasdynamic electron cyclotron resonance ion source

Fast Neutron and Gamma-Ray Interrogation of Cargo Containers

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